Seborrheic eczema of the face and hair causes signs and modern treatment methods

Have you ever noticed that your face or scalp always has flakes or an annoying oily shine?
This could be due to seborrheic dermatitis, one of the most common skin problems.This condition occurs when there is an imbalance in the natural oil (sebum) production in the skin or scalp, leading to redness, itching, and unpleasant-looking flakes.In this   Dalily Medical article, we’ll explain the causes of seborrheic dermatitis on the face and scalp, the key signs that help you distinguish it from other skin conditions, and the latest treatment and prevention methods to help you restore healthy, glowing skin and hair—without oiliness or flakes.

Causes of Seborrheic Dermatitis on the Face and Scalp

Seborrheic dermatitis, or seborrheic eczema, is one of the most common skin conditions affecting the face and scalp. It causes redness, itching, and annoying flaking. Although it is not dangerous, it tends to be chronic and can recur if not treated properly.

1. Excess Sebum Production
The most common cause is overactive sebaceous glands. When the body produces more oil than normal, it accumulates on the skin, causing inflammation and flaking, especially in areas like the scalp, eyebrows, and around the nose.

2. Malassezia Fungus
This is a type of fungus naturally present on the skin, but when it grows excessively, it irritates the skin and causes itching and flaking. That’s why seborrheic dermatitis often appears on oily areas like the scalp and face.

3. Stress and Anxiety
Psychological stress not only affects mood but also weakens skin immunity, increasing inflammation. Many people notice flare-ups of seborrheic dermatitis during stressful periods.

4. Genetic Factors
While seborrheic dermatitis itself is not hereditary, a family history of conditions like psoriasis or naturally oily skin can increase susceptibility.

5. Hormonal Changes
Periods such as puberty, pregnancy, or postpartum can alter hormone levels, affecting oil production and increasing the risk of seborrheic dermatitis.

6. Weak Immune System
People with weakened immunity or chronic illnesses like diabetes or HIV are more prone to seborrheic dermatitis because their skin is more sensitive to inflammation.

7. Environmental and Climatic Factors
Cold or dry weather can dry out the skin and increase flaking, while high humidity promotes fungal growth and worsens the condition.


Who is Most at Risk?
Seborrheic dermatitis can affect anyone, but certain groups are more susceptible due to skin type or health conditions:

  1. Adult Men
    Men are more prone because male hormones stimulate sebaceous glands, increasing oil production.

  2. People with Oily Skin
    Oily skin provides a favorable environment for the fungus that causes inflammation and flaking.

  3. Individuals with Weak Immunity
    People with HIV or organ transplant patients are more prone due to reduced skin resistance to infections.

  4. Patients with Neurological Conditions
    Conditions like Parkinson’s disease reduce skin resistance to inflammation, making seborrheic dermatitis more likely.

  5. Infants and Newborns
    Some babies develop temporary seborrheic dermatitis due to maternal hormones, usually resolving within a few months.


Symptoms of Seborrheic Dermatitis on Face and Scalp

  1. White or Yellow Oily Flakes
    Most obvious on the scalp, around the nose, and eyebrows. Flakes are thick and greasy, sometimes leaving a shiny residue.

  2. Redness
    Affected skin appears red and inflamed, particularly on the sides of the nose, behind the ears, or around the mouth.

  3. Itching
    Itching can be very bothersome and often worsens with stress, heat, or strong hair products.

  4. Oily Shine
    Some people notice an increase in skin shine due to excess sebum.

  5. Mild Hair Loss
    Long-term scalp inflammation can cause temporary hair loss, which usually regrows after treatment.

  6. Flaking or Cracking Around Nose and Mouth
    Characteristic peeling or cracking around the nose, mouth, or above the eyebrows.

  7. Burning or Tingling Sensation
    Some experience mild burning or stinging after washing or using strong soaps due to inflammation.


Most Commonly Affected Areas
Seborrheic dermatitis targets areas with many sebaceous glands:

  • Scalp: Most common, starting as small flakes, sometimes developing into chronic inflammation.

  • Face: Especially around the nose, forehead, eyebrows, and chin.

  • Behind the ears: Often unnoticed but can cause itching and mild cracking.

  • Upper chest: Mainly in men, where sebaceous glands are abundant.

  • Back and shoulders: Red patches covered with thin scales.


Types of Seborrheic Dermatitis on Face and Scalp

  1. Scalp Seborrheic Dermatitis
    Most common type; thick greasy flakes with redness and itching; can extend to forehead and behind ears in severe cases.

  2. Facial Seborrheic Dermatitis
    Focuses around the nose, eyebrows, chin, and sides of the nose; skin is red and greasy with soft yellow or white flakes. Symptoms worsen in winter or under stress.

  3. Behind the Ears
    Less noticeable; causes severe itching, mild cracking, and occasionally light discharge.

  4. Beard or Mustache Area
    Mostly affects men; white or yellow flakes with redness and itching, especially after shaving.

  5. Mixed Seborrheic Dermatitis
    Involves both scalp and face, usually due to oil overproduction or weak skin immunity.


Risk Factors

  • Age: Newborns may develop “cradle cap,” often resolving over time. Adults may have chronic flare-ups due to overactive sebaceous glands or hormonal issues.

  • Family or Medical History: A family history of psoriasis or atopic eczema increases susceptibility. Stress or unsuitable skin products can trigger flare-ups.

  • Medications: Lithium, interferon, psoralens, certain blood pressure drugs, or topical corticosteroids may worsen or trigger symptoms.

  • Other Factors: Hormonal changes (puberty, pregnancy), weather (cold, dry, or humid), stress, oily skin, and chronic illnesses (like Parkinson’s or weak immunity).


Stages of Seborrheic Dermatitis on Face and Scalp

  1. Initial Stage: Increased oil production, mild itching, and small white or yellow flakes.

  2. Increased Flaking and Redness: Flakes become more prominent; skin is red, shiny, and greasy; itching intensifies.

  3. Advanced Inflammation: Severe redness, thick flakes, persistent itching, minor cracking, or light discharge.

  4. Chronic/Recurrent Stage: Flare-ups and remissions over time; worsens in winter or with stress; requires ongoing care and regular moisturizing.


Complications of Seborrheic Dermatitis

Though not dangerous, untreated seborrheic dermatitis can cause:

  1. Secondary Skin Infections: Scratching can cause small wounds, allowing bacteria or fungi to infect the skin, sometimes requiring antibiotics or medicated creams.

  2. Temporary Hair Loss: Chronic scalp inflammation can weaken follicles, causing temporary hair loss that regrows once the inflammation is treated.

3. Chronic Redness or Darkening
Repeated inflammation in the same area can cause the skin to become permanently red or darker in tone.
This is especially noticeable around the nose, forehead, or behind the ears.

4. Increased Oily Flakes
If left untreated, flakes accumulate and create an uncomfortable appearance.
The skin or scalp may look greasy and shiny, giving an oily appearance.

5. Psychological and Social Impact
Visible flakes and redness can cause stress or reduced self-confidence, particularly in teenagers or people with sensitive skin.


Treatment of Seborrheic Dermatitis on the Face and Scalp
The goal of treatment is to reduce inflammation, regulate sebum production from the sebaceous glands, and prevent the growth of irritating fungi. Treatment usually involves a combination of topical medications and daily skin and hair care.


Treatment for Seborrheic Dermatitis on the Face

  1. Antifungal Creams
    Examples: Ketoconazole or Ciclopirox.
    These reduce fungal growth on the skin and calm inflammation and itching.

  2. Mild Corticosteroid Creams
    Example: Hydrocortisone 1%.
    Used for a short period to reduce redness and itching; should be used under medical supervision.

  3. Gentle Cleansers
    Preferably fragrance-free and alcohol-free.
    Products with Zinc Pyrithione or Sulfur are ideal as they soothe the skin and regulate oil production.

  4. Lightweight Medical Moisturizers
    Containing ingredients like Aloe Vera or Ceramides.
    They maintain skin hydration without clogging pores.


Treatment for Seborrheic Dermatitis on the Scalp and Hair

  1. Medicated Antifungal Shampoos
    Examples: Nizoral, Selsun Blue, or Head & Shoulders Clinical Strength.
    Use 2–3 times per week to reduce flakes and control inflammation.

  2. Topical Corticosteroid Lotion or Cream
    For severe inflammation, a doctor may prescribe a mild corticosteroid like Betamethasone for a limited period.

  3. Scalp Massage with Light Natural Oils
    Examples: Coconut oil or Tea Tree Oil, which have natural antifungal properties and reduce flaking.

  4. Avoid Very Hot Water
    Excessive heat dries the scalp and increases sebaceous gland activity. Use lukewarm water when washing hair.


Over-the-Counter Treatments for Face and Scalp
For mild symptoms, OTC treatments can help soothe the skin, reduce flakes, and control inflammation.

  1. Gentle Facial Cleansers
    Suitable for oily or sensitive skin; fragrance-free and alcohol-free.
    Effective ingredients:

  • Zinc Pyrithione: reduces oil secretion.

  • Salicylic Acid: cleans pores and reduces flakes.

  • Sulfur: reduces inflammation and soothes skin.

  1. Medicated Shampoos for Scalp
    For dandruff caused by seborrheic dermatitis:

  • Ketoconazole (Nizoral)

  • Selenium Sulfide (Selsun Blue)

  • Tar or Zinc Pyrithione (Head & Shoulders Clinical Strength)
    Use 2–3 times per week, leaving shampoo on scalp for 5 minutes before rinsing.

  1. Topical Creams and Moisturizers
    Lightweight, fast-absorbing moisturizers that reduce inflammation:

  • Aloe Vera: soothes irritation

  • Ceramides: restore skin barrier

  • Niacinamide: reduces redness and regulates sebum
    Examples:

  • CeraVe Moisturizing Lotion

  • La Roche-Posay Toleriane

  • Eucerin Urea Repair

  1. Effective Natural Ingredients

  • Tea Tree Oil: natural antifungal, use sparingly with a carrier oil.

  • Coconut Oil: moisturizes and reduces inflammation.

  • Aloe Vera Gel: soothes redness and provides gentle hydration.


Phototherapy (UV Light Therapy) for Seborrheic Dermatitis on Face and Scalp
UV light therapy is a modern and effective treatment, especially for cases that do not respond well to topical creams or medicated shampoos.

How It Works:

  • The device emits controlled doses of UVB or UVA light to reduce inflammation and regulate sebaceous gland activity.

  • The light decreases overactive skin cells that cause flaking and redness.

  • It also reduces the growth of Malassezia fungus, which feeds on oils and worsens inflammation.

Number of Sessions and Duration:

  • Typically 2–3 sessions per week.

  • Each session lasts 10–20 minutes, depending on severity.

  • Noticeable improvement usually starts after 4–6 weeks of consistent treatment.

⚠️ Important Notes

  • Treatment should always be under the supervision of a dermatologist to determine the proper type and dosage.

  • Avoid direct sun exposure after the session and use a strong sunscreen on the face.

  • Mild redness or temporary dryness may appear, which usually resolves quickly with proper moisturization.


✨ Laser Therapy for Seborrheic Dermatitis on Face and Scalp

Laser therapy is a modern method, especially effective for chronic cases or those that do not respond to topical treatments.

⚙️ How Laser Works

  • Laser beams penetrate the superficial layers of the skin to reduce sebaceous gland activity.

  • Helps kill Malassezia fungi responsible for inflammation and dandruff.

  • Stimulates blood circulation, promoting skin cell renewal and improving skin appearance.

Advantages of Laser Therapy

  • Faster results compared to creams in some cases.

  • Non-painful, only a slight warming sensation during the session.

  • Suitable for the face and scalp, especially areas hard to reach with creams.

  • Reduces inflammation and redness after 2–3 sessions.

⏱️ Number of Sessions and Duration

  • Typically 3–6 sessions, one session per week or every two weeks.

  • Each session lasts 10–15 minutes, with results appearing gradually after the first month.


Mesotherapy Injections for Seborrheic Dermatitis on Face and Scalp

Mesotherapy is widely used in skincare and hair treatments as it nourishes the skin and regulates sebum production naturally. It is particularly effective for chronic or recurrent seborrheic dermatitis.

⚙️ How Mesotherapy Works

  • Nutrient-rich and anti-inflammatory substances are injected directly into the middle layers of the skin or scalp.

  • Ingredients include:

    • Vitamins and minerals to balance sebum production.

    • Antioxidants to reduce inflammation and redness.

    • Soothing agents like Aloe Vera and Hyaluronic Acid to hydrate and reduce flaking.

Benefits of Mesotherapy

  • Regulates oil secretion in skin and scalp.

  • Reduces inflammation and redness from irritation.

  • Improves blood circulation and nourishes hair follicles.

  • Hydrates skin and alleviates itching and dryness.

  • Significantly reduces greasy flakes after the first few sessions.

⏱️ Number of Sessions and Duration

  • Usually 4–6 sessions, one session per week or every two weeks.

  • Results appear gradually after the 2nd or 3rd session, especially on the face or front scalp.


PRP Injections for Seborrheic Dermatitis on Face and Scalp

Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy is one of the latest cosmetic treatments. It uses the patient’s own natural components to treat skin and hair issues, including seborrheic dermatitis that causes redness, flaking, and itching.

⚙️ How PRP Works

  • A small amount of the patient’s blood is drawn and processed to extract platelet-rich plasma.

  • PRP is rich in growth factors that:

    • Promote skin cell regeneration.

    • Reduce inflammation.

    • Improve blood circulation.

    • Regulate sebum secretion on the skin or scalp.

Benefits of PRP for Seborrheic Dermatitis

  • Soothes inflammation and reduces redness and itching.

  • Repairs damaged skin or scalp cells.

  • Stimulates new cell growth, reducing recurrence of dermatitis.

  • Strengthens hair follicles and reduces hair loss caused by inflammation.

  • Improves skin hydration and restores a healthy, natural appearance.

⏱️ Number of Sessions Required

  • Usually 3–4 sessions, spaced 3–4 weeks apart.

  • Results begin to appear after the first 2 sessions, especially for chronic flaking or persistent irritation.


Light Therapy for Seborrheic Dermatitis on Face and Scalp

Light therapy is a modern treatment for seborrheic dermatitis that uses specific light wavelengths, such as UV rays, to reduce inflammation and regulate sebaceous gland activity responsible for flaking and redness. This method is especially effective for chronic cases that do not respond to topical treatments or conventional medications.

⚙️ How Light Therapy Works

  • The device emits precisely controlled light that penetrates skin or scalp layers.

  • Benefits include:

    • Reducing inflammation in hair follicles or skin.

    • Soothing redness and relieving itching.

    • Regulating oil production and reducing fat accumulation that feeds dermatitis-causing fungi.

Benefits for Face and Scalp

  • Calms redness and flaking quickly.

  • Reduces greasy dandruff on the scalp.

  • Improves skin texture, leaving it smoother and healthier.

  • Decreases recurrence of flare-ups long-term.

  • Safe for sensitive skin when performed under medical supervision.

⏱️ Number of Sessions and Duration

  • Usually 8–12 sessions, initially twice a week.

  • After improvement, the dermatologist may reduce session frequency based on skin response.

⚠️ Post-Session Precautions

  • Avoid sun exposure for 24 hours.

  • Apply a light medical moisturizer.

  • Avoid products containing alcohol or strong fragrances the same day.

  • Regular follow-up with the doctor is essential to adjust light intensity according to your skin.


How to Prevent Seborrheic Dermatitis on Face and Scalp

Prevention is key to maintaining healthy skin and a balanced scalp. It relies on daily care and lifestyle habits to reduce oil production and prevent inflammation.

  1. Choose Gentle Cleansing Products

    • Use alcohol-free, fragrance-free cleansers or shampoos.

    • Prefer products with Zinc Pyrithione, Ketoconazole, or Salicylic Acid to reduce oils and fungi causing dermatitis.

  2. Wash Face and Hair Regularly

    • Wash your face twice daily with lukewarm water.

    • Wash hair 2–3 times per week depending on hair type.

    • Helps remove excess oils without causing dryness or irritation.

  3. Avoid High Heat and Direct Sun

    • Prolonged sun exposure or very hot water increases irritation and inflammation.

    • Use sunscreen suitable for oily skin and avoid saunas or extremely hot water.

  4. Maintain a Balanced Diet

    • Eat foods rich in Omega-3, zinc, and B vitamins to help regulate oil production and calm the skin.

    • Avoid greasy, fried, and spicy foods that worsen inflammation.

  5. Reduce Stress and Psychological Pressure

    • Stress is a major trigger for flare-ups.

    • Try relaxation exercises, daily walking, or meditation to improve skin health.

  6. Use a Lightweight Moisturizer Regularly

    • Even oily skin needs hydration to prevent dryness and flaking.

    • Choose oil-free moisturizers to maintain skin balance.

  7. Maintain Clean Bedding and Beauty Tools

    • Wash pillowcases and towels regularly.

    • Clean makeup tools frequently to prevent bacteria and fungal buildup.

 

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