Autism Types Symptoms and Treatment Methods

Autism is a neurological disorder that affects the way a person interacts with others, as well as their behaviors and communication. It manifests differently from one person to another and can range from mild, allowing the individual to adapt to daily life, to severe, significantly impacting their ability to communicate and live independently. In this article, we will explore the types of autism, its symptoms in adults and children, methods of diagnosis and treatment, as well as how to support individuals with autism in their daily lives.

What is Autism?

Autism is a disorder that affects how an individual interacts with others, as well as their behaviors and communication. It affects all age groups and social classes to varying degrees, with symptoms differing from one person to another. Autism is part of a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that impact social, communication, and behavioral skills.

Types of Autism in Adults

There are several determinants of autism spectrum disorder, and a person may be diagnosed with one or more of the following types:

• Autism with or without language difficulties

• Autism with or without intellectual disability

• Autism associated with mental, behavioral, or neurological issues

• Autism associated with abnormal movement patterns

Symptoms of Autism in Adults

Common signs and symptoms of autism in adults include:

• Severe anxiety in social situations

• Difficulty expressing emotions and thoughts

• Difficulty understanding others' feelings or thoughts

• Trouble forming friendships and preferring isolation

• Adherence to specific routines and fear of change

• Avoidance of eye contact

• Excessive interest in specific topics

• Excessive planning before executing tasks

• Increased sensitivity to sounds, smells, or lights

• Difficulty understanding body language and facial expressions

• Speaking in a monotone voice regardless of the situation

• Making noise in places that require quietness

Diagnosing Autism in Adults

Autism is usually diagnosed in childhood, but some individuals reach adulthood without a clear diagnosis. Doctors rely on:

• Behavioral observations and personal interactions

• Ruling out physical illnesses that may cause symptoms

• Using diagnostic checklists specific to autism

Diagnosing autism in adults can be challenging as they may learn to manage or mask symptoms.

Treatment of Autism in Adults

Although there is no definitive cure for autism, several approaches can help improve the lives of those affected:

1. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Helps individuals recognize the connections between thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, assisting in managing negative behaviors.

2. Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)

Uses techniques to reinforce positive behaviors and reduce unwanted behaviors.

3. Social Skills Training

Teaches individuals how to interact effectively with others.

4. Occupational Therapy

Focuses on developing daily life skills such as cooking, cleaning, and self-reliance.

5. Medications

While there is no specific medication for autism, some drugs can help manage symptoms:

• Antipsychotics: Help control aggressive behavior and self-harm.

• Antidepressants: Useful for treating anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

• Stimulants: Used to treat hyperactivity and attention deficit but can also help manage some autism symptoms.

• Anticonvulsants: Help control seizures, which some autistic individuals may experience.

Signs of Autism in Children

Before 12 Months

• Little interest in faces and lack of eye contact

• No response to sounds or name being called

• Lack of facial expressions such as smiling

• Avoidance of hugging and disinterest in toys

Between 12 and 24 Months

• Does not point to objects or try to reach them

• Limited vocabulary or failure to form two-word phrases

• Lack of mimicking sounds or interactions

• Walking on tiptoes

After Two Years

• Delayed speech and difficulty in expressing needs

• Repeating words or phrases instead of answering questions

• Inability to understand instructions or respond appropriately

• Excessive focus on specific objects like toy car wheels

• Unusual ways of playing, such as lining up objects

• Repetitive movements like head or hand shaking

• Extreme sensitivity to touch, smells, or sounds

• Unusual fears and lack of awareness of real dangers

• Sleep disturbances and excessive anxiety

• Aggressive or impulsive behavior

How to Support an Autistic Child at Home

• Show love and support: The child needs to feel safe and cared for.

• Encourage social interaction: Provide opportunities for play and interaction with peers.

• Engage them in daily activities: Like shopping and household chores.

• Treat them like their siblings: To foster a sense of inclusion.

• Use physical activities for communication: Such as playing and sports.

• Teach self-defense skills: To boost confidence.

• Avoid forcing interactions: Give them time and space.

The Most Severe Type of Autism

The most severe form of autism is Severe Autism, characterized by:

• Inability to communicate verbally or significant language impairment

• Repetitive and aggressive behaviors, including self-harm

• Extreme sensitivity or lack of response to sensory stimuli

• Complete dependence on others for daily tasks

• Severe tantrums and inability to adapt to changes

Conclusion

Autism is a complex disorder, but it is not a barrier to success and progress. With early diagnosis and appropriate support, individuals with autism can improve their quality of life and integrate better into society. While there is no cure, behavioral therapies and family support play a crucial role in enhancing the lives of autistic individuals.

Specialists in diagnosing and treating autism include:

• Neurologist: Evaluates neurological issues associated with autism.
• Psychiatrist: Diagnoses autism and treats accompanying mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression.
• Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist: Assesses symptoms and provides behavioral treatment plans.
• Speech Therapist: Helps improve communication and speech skills.
• Occupational Therapist: Assists individuals in developing life skills and independence.

All these doctors and specialists work together to help individuals with autism improve their lives and develop their social and behavioral skills.