Bowel cancer in children types symptoms and the latest treatment methods

Although stomach cancer mostly affects adults, its occurrence in children—although rare—can have a significant impact on the child and their family. That’s why it’s so important to understand everything about it: from the early warning signs you should never ignore, to accurate diagnostic methods, available treatment options, and the best prevention strategies to help protect your child from the risks of this disease.In this Daleeli Medical article, we’ll break down everything you need to know about stomach cancer in children in a simple and easy-to-understand way. We’ll provide trusted medical information that every parent should be aware of—so you can make smart, informed decisions to safeguard your son or daughter’s health.

Keep reading to learn:

• The early symptoms of stomach cancer in children

• How it’s diagnosed

• Treatment options that can make a difference

• And the best ways to prevent it from the start

What Is the Survival Rate of Gastric Adenocarcinoma in Children?

The survival rate of gastric adenocarcinoma in children depends largely on how far the cancer has spread at the time of diagnosis and how quickly treatment begins.

• If the cancer is detected early and hasn't spread, the 5-year survival rate can reach around 69%.

• If it has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes, the survival rate drops to about 31%.

• In advanced stages, where the cancer has metastasized to other organs, the 5-year survival rate is unfortunately as low as 5%.

This is why early detection and prompt medical care are key to improving recovery chances.

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When Do Cancer Symptoms Start in Children?

One of the most common types of cancer in children is Wilms tumor (also known as nephroblastoma), which typically affects the kidneys in children aged 3 to 4 years, and it’s rare in older kids or adults.

Early symptoms of Wilms tumor often include:

• Abdominal swelling or a noticeable lump (which a parent may notice during bathing or changing clothes)

• Unexplained fever

• Abdominal pain or nausea

• Loss of appetite or general weakness

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Can Children Get Stomach Cancer?

Yes, stomach cancer can occur in children, but it is extremely rare compared to adults. When it does appear, it requires accurate and early diagnosis as well as specialized care to improve the child’s chances of recovery.

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What Causes Stomach Cancer in Children?

The exact causes of stomach cancer in children are not fully understood, but several factors might increase the risk, including:

• Genetic factors or a family history of gastric cancer

• Chronic inflammation or infections in the stomach

• Certain rare genetic syndromes that affect cell growth and development

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What Are the Symptoms of Stomach Cancer in Children?

In the early stages, symptoms may be vague and hard to recognize, but as the condition progresses, warning signs may include:

• Persistent stomach pain

• Loss of appetite

• Unexplained weight loss

• Frequent nausea or vomiting

• Fatigue and weakness

• Abdominal swelling or blood in the stool (rare but serious)

If any of these symptoms appear, it’s crucial to see a doctor as soon as possible.

How Is Stomach Cancer Diagnosed in Children?

Diagnosis usually begins with a visit to the doctor, followed by several tests, such as:

• A physical examination and review of the child’s symptoms

• Blood tests to check overall health

• Endoscopy to see the stomach lining from the inside

• CT scan or MRI to determine the tumor’s size and location

• A biopsy, where a small tissue sample is taken from the tumor and examined under a microscope

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Does Stomach Cancer Have Stages in Children?

Yes, like in adults, stomach cancer in children is classified into stages that indicate whether the tumor is localized or has spread to other parts of the body. Each stage helps doctors plan the most suitable treatment and estimate the chances of recovery.

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What Are the Treatment Options for Stomach Cancer in Children?

Treatment depends on the type and stage of the cancer. The most common options include:

• Surgery: To remove the tumor if it's in a clear and operable location

• Chemotherapy: Using powerful drugs to kill cancer cells

• Radiation therapy: In certain cases, especially when surgery isn't possible

• Targeted therapy or immunotherapy: Advanced treatments that focus on specific cancer cells based on the tumor's genetic profile

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Is Stomach Cancer Treatment Difficult for Children?

Treatment can sometimes be challenging, especially during chemotherapy or radiation, but it is done under the care of a specialized pediatric oncology team. Modern techniques and medications help reduce side effects as much as possible. Also, emotional and family support plays a huge role in helping the child cope.

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Is There Hope for Recovery from Stomach Cancer in Children?

Yes, there's definitely hope. The chances of recovery depend on several factors, including:

• Stage at diagnosis

• Tumor size and spread

• Type of cancer cells

• How well the child responds to treatment

The earlier the cancer is found, the better the chance of successful treatment.

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Does a Child with Stomach Cancer Need Genetic Counseling?

In some cases, especially when there’s a family history of cancer or genetic mutations are detected, doctors may recommend genetic counseling. This helps assess inherited cancer risks and can guide the monitoring and care of other family members as well.

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Can the Cancer Come Back After Treatment?

Yes, in some cases, the cancer may recur, which is why regular follow-up visits are essential after treatment ends. These check-ups often include blood tests and imaging scans, and if any new symptoms appear, the doctor can take quick action.

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When Should I Take My Child for Stomach Tests?

If your child shows signs like:

• Persistent stomach pain

• Loss of appetite or weight

• Frequent vomiting or nausea

• Blood in vomit or stool

You should see a doctor immediately for tests like endoscopy or imaging scans to find the cause.

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Could the Stomach Tumor Be Benign?

Yes, not all stomach tumors are cancerous. Some can be benign, such as muscle or glandular tumors, which are usually not dangerous. Treatment depends on their size, location, and symptoms, and in some cases, minor surgery may be needed.

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Is There a Special Diet During Cancer Treatment?

Yes, nutrition is very important during treatment. Children need foods rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals to boost their immunity and energy. It’s best to work with a nutritionist to create a suitable diet plan based on the child’s condition.

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Can Chemotherapy Affect My Child’s Growth?

Chemotherapy can temporarily affect growth, as it impacts the whole body. But doctors closely monitor growth patterns and perform regular check-ups. If any delays occur, they take steps to manage them and support healthy development.

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Is the Treatment Painful? Will My Child Feel Very Tired?

Some treatments, like chemotherapy or surgery, can cause discomfort or fatigue, but doctors use safe pain relievers for children. Also, psychological support is offered to ease stress. Having the family close by helps the child get through it more comfortably.

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Can My Child Go Back to a Normal Life After Recovery?

Yes, in most cases, if treatment is successful and the cancer doesn’t return, the child can go back to a normal life — going to school, playing, and enjoying daily activities. Regular follow-ups are still needed to ensure everything is okay.

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How Can I Support My Child Emotionally During Treatment?

Emotional support is crucial. Try to:

• Reassure your child and explain what’s happening in a simple, age-appropriate way

• Stay emotionally close and ask how they’re feeling

• Involve them in decisions when possible to give them a sense of control

• Seek help from a child psychologist if you notice signs of stress or depression

Your presence, love, and encouragement make a huge difference in your child’s healing journey.

Can the child’s siblings get the same disease?

In most cases, no. But if the cause is genetic or related to a hereditary syndrome, the disease might appear in siblings. That’s why, if there's a family history or a recommendation for genetic counseling, it’s best to have other children screened as a preventive measure.

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What’s the difference between stomach cancer and colon cancer in children?

• Stomach cancer starts in the lining of the stomach.

• Colon cancer starts in the large intestine (colon).

The difference lies in the symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment options. In all cases, the doctor will choose the best approach depending on the child’s specific condition.

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Stages of Stomach Cancer in Children

Stomach cancer in children is divided into stages to determine how far the disease has spread and to plan the best treatment. The earlier the diagnosis, the better the chances of recovery.

Stage 1:

• The tumor is confined to the stomach lining.

• Usually small and can be removed with surgery.

• The child might not need further treatment after surgery.

Stage 2:

• The tumor has reached deeper layers of the stomach wall or spread to nearby lymph nodes.

• Treatment usually includes surgery and chemotherapy to prevent recurrence.

Stage 3:

• The cancer has spread more extensively to multiple lymph nodes or nearby areas in the abdomen.

• Treatment typically includes:

  • Surgery

  • Chemotherapy

  • ☢️ Radiation therapy (in some cases)

Stage 4 (Advanced Stage):

• The tumor has spread outside the stomach to other organs like the liver, lungs, or bones.

• Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and improving quality of life using strong chemotherapy and continuous medical and psychological support.

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Causes and Risk Factors of Stomach Cancer in Children

Stomach cancer doesn’t just appear out of nowhere. Certain factors can increase the risk. Knowing them helps in prevention and early detection.

Genetic and Hereditary Factors:

• A family history of stomach cancer.

• Specific genetic mutations that increase cancer risk.

H. pylori Infection:

• This bacterium causes chronic stomach inflammation, which may turn into cancer if untreated.

Chronic Gastritis:

• Frequent stomach inflammation affects the cells and can lead to cancer over time.

☢️ Exposure to Carcinogens or Radiation:

• Like certain chemicals, abdominal radiation, or secondhand smoke.

Weakened Immune System:

• Makes it harder for the body to fight off abnormal or cancerous cells.

Unhealthy Eating Habits:

• Eating lots of:

  • Smoked or salty foods

  • Foods with nitrates

• Not eating enough fruits and vegetables

Vitamin and Mineral Deficiency:

• Especially low levels of:

  • Vitamin C

  • Iron

  • Antioxidants that protect cells from damage

Environmental and Living Conditions:

• Living in polluted areas, poor hygiene, or exposure to pesticides can affect stomach health.

⚖️ Obesity:

• Excess weight affects hormones and the immune system, possibly increasing cancer risk.

Family History of Other Cancers:

• If there are other cancers in the family (like colon or breast cancer), it may suggest a general hereditary cancer risk.

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Genetic Counseling for Children with Stomach Cancer

Genetic counseling is more than just a genetic test. It’s an important step that helps doctors and families understand whether the stomach cancer in a child is due to inherited factors. It also helps assess whether other family members are at risk and need screening or preventive measures.

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Why is Genetic Counseling Important?

1. Identifying the Genetic Cause:

Some cases of stomach cancer in children are linked to mutations in specific genes (changes in the DNA).

These mutations may be inherited from one or both parents—or may occur randomly without a family history.

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2. Assessing Future Risk:

Genetic counseling helps determine if the child may develop cancer again in the future.
It also shows whether siblings or other family members are at risk.

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3. Planning for Prevention and Monitoring:

If a genetic predisposition is found, the doctor may recommend:

• Regular check-ups and screenings for the child

• Monitoring other family members to catch any early warning signs

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4. Choosing the Most Suitable Treatment:

Some genetic changes affect how the cancer responds to treatment.
Genetic counseling can help guide doctors in selecting the best treatment plan based on the child’s genetic profile.

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When Does a Doctor Recommend Genetic Counseling?

• If there’s a family history of stomach cancer or other types of cancer

• If the child is diagnosed with cancer at a very young age

• If there are symptoms of a genetic syndrome such as:

  • Lynch syndrome

  • Neurofibromatosis

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Steps of Genetic Counseling

1. Gathering Information:

The doctor asks about the family’s medical history, especially any cancer cases.

2. Genetic Testing:

A sample of the child’s DNA is tested. Sometimes, the parents' genes are tested too.

3. Explaining the Results:

The genetic counselor explains:

• Are there any gene mutations?

• What do they mean?

• Are they inherited or new?

4. Creating a Follow-Up Plan:

This may include:

• A schedule for regular screenings

• Lifestyle changes

• Preventive steps if there’s a high risk

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Symptoms of Stomach Cancer in Children: Signs to Watch For

Stomach cancer is rare in children, but when it does occur, symptoms can gradually appear. Early detection improves the chances of effective treatment and recovery.

Here are the most common signs of stomach cancer in children:

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1. Persistent Abdominal Pain

The child often complains of stomach or belly pain.
The pain may start mild but gradually gets worse.

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⚖️ 2. Unexplained Weight Loss

If the child is losing weight without dieting or eating less, it’s a warning sign that needs attention.

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3. Loss of Appetite

The child may not want to eat like before or may feel full quickly.

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4. Nausea and Vomiting

Frequent vomiting, sometimes with blood or dark-colored content.

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5. Bloating or Feeling Full Quickly

The child feels full after just a few bites or complains of bloating even without eating much.

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6. Fatigue and General Weakness

The child seems tired all the time, even after enough sleep.
This could be due to poor nutrition or internal bleeding.

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7. Anemia (Low Red Blood Cells)

It may appear as:

• Pale skin

• Dizziness or headaches

• Shortness of breath with minimal effort

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8. Blood in Stool

Very dark or bloody stools may indicate internal bleeding in the stomach.

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9. Difficulty Swallowing

The child may struggle to swallow or feel like food is “stuck” in the chest.

Diagnosing Stomach Cancer in Children: Step by Step

Diagnosing stomach cancer in children requires careful work and a series of tests to confirm the diagnosis, determine the stage of the disease, and plan the appropriate treatment.

Let’s see how the diagnosis is done:

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1. Clinical Examination and Medical History

The first step always starts with the doctor:

• Asking about the child’s symptoms (such as pain, loss of appetite, or vomiting).

• Taking a detailed family history to check for any cancer cases or genetic diseases.

• Examining the abdomen to detect any abnormal swelling or tenderness.

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2. Laboratory Tests (Blood and Stool Tests)

These tests help detect early or indirect signs of the disease:

• Complete Blood Count (CBC): To check for anemia.

• Liver and Kidney Function Tests: Since some cancers affect these organs.

• Stool Test: To detect hidden blood not visible to the naked eye.

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3. Imaging Tests

Imaging tools help visualize the tumor and determine its size and exact location:

• X-ray with Barium: The child drinks a special liquid (barium) that highlights the stomach shape in the X-ray.

• CT Scan: Shows whether the tumor has spread to other parts of the body.

• MRI: Used when more detailed images of tissues are needed.

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4. Gastroscopy (Stomach Endoscopy)

One of the most important and precise diagnostic steps:

• A thin tube with a camera is inserted through the mouth into the stomach.

• The doctor directly observes the stomach lining and can take a small tissue sample (biopsy) from suspicious areas.

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5. Biopsy Analysis (Pathology)

The laboratory examines the tissue sample to determine:

• Whether cancer cells are present.

• The type of cells and how much they have spread.

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6. Genetic Testing

In some cases, the doctor may request genetic testing to look for specific hereditary mutations linked to stomach cancer.
This helps in selecting the right treatment and monitoring other family members if there is a genetic risk.

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Types of Treatment for Stomach Cancer in Children

Treatment depends on the tumor type and stage, often combining several methods to achieve the best results with minimal side effects. Here’s a simple overview:

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1. Surgery (Tumor Removal)

• Removing the tumor completely or part of the affected stomach.

• Sometimes nearby lymph nodes are also removed to check if the cancer has spread.

• Goal: To surgically eliminate as many cancer cells as possible.

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2. Chemotherapy

• Powerful drugs that attack cancer cells and stop them from growing.

• Given before surgery to shrink the tumor and make it easier to remove.

• Given after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells.

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☢️ 3. Radiation Therapy

• High-energy rays destroy cancer cells.

• Used more cautiously in children due to the sensitivity of growing tissues.

• Usually applied in cases of local spread or to prevent recurrence.

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4. Targeted Therapy

• Drugs that specifically target molecules in cancer cells without harming healthy cells.

• The choice depends on tumor type and specific genetic mutations.

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5. Immunotherapy

• Strengthens the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.

• Used in some advanced cases or when traditional treatments are not enough.

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6. Supportive Care

Aims to improve the child’s quality of life during and after treatment:

• Managing pain with appropriate medications.

• Balanced nutrition rich in proteins and vitamins.

• Psychological support for the child and family to cope with stress and anxiety.

• Regular medical follow-up to control symptoms and reduce side effects.

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Side Effects of Stomach Cancer Treatment in Children

The treatments children receive to fight stomach cancer can have side effects. This is natural, but they vary from child to child depending on the treatment type and the child’s health condition. Let’s explain each treatment and its possible side effects:

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1. Side Effects of Surgery

Surgery is a key step in cancer treatment but may cause:

• Pain in the abdominal area after the operation.

• Swelling or infection at the surgical wound site.

• Digestive problems such as feeling full quickly or difficulty eating.

• Loss of appetite or temporary weight loss.

Follow-up after surgery helps reduce complications and allows the child to gradually return to eating normally.

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2. Side Effects of Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy targets cancer cells but can also cause:

• Nausea and vomiting after sessions.

• Hair loss (usually hair grows back after treatment).

• Weakened immune system, making infections easier.

• Anemia: the child may look pale and feel tired.

• Mouth sores or infections.

• Loss of appetite and weight loss.

• Severe fatigue and constant tiredness.

Doctors may prescribe anti-nausea medication or vitamins to reduce these symptoms.

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☢️ 3. Side Effects of Radiation Therapy

Radiation is not always used for children, but when it is, it can cause:

• Redness or inflammation of the skin at the radiation site.

• General fatigue and lack of interest in playing or activities.

• Digestive issues like nausea or diarrhea.

• Impact on the growth of healthy tissues in younger children.

Radiation use in children is carefully targeted to minimize harm.

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4. Side Effects of Targeted and Immunotherapy

These are newer, specialized treatments but may cause:

• Allergic reactions or skin rash.

• Persistent fatigue.

• Changes in blood pressure or liver function depending on the drug.

Doctors monitor with regular tests to track any changes.

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❤️ 5. Side Effects of Supportive Care

Supportive care is not a cancer treatment itself but helps reduce pain and improve overall condition, usually causing:

• No significant side effects.

• Includes pain relievers, psychological support, and special nutrition.

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Prevention of Stomach Cancer in Children

Although stomach cancer is rare in children, there are some steps that may help reduce the risk, especially if the child has genetic factors or digestive issues. Here are the main prevention methods:

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1. Healthy Diet

Food plays a big role in protecting the stomach. So:

• Avoid smoked, pickled, and heavily salted foods as they harm the stomach lining.

• Always choose fresh fruits and vegetables instead of preserved or frozen for long periods.

• Reduce processed meats like sausages and lunch meats.

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2. Treating Helicobacter pylori Infection

This bacterium can live in the stomach and cause serious problems if untreated, such as ulcers or even cancer.

• If the child complains of stomach pain, nausea, or loss of appetite, visit the doctor immediately.

• Maintain hand hygiene after using the toilet and before eating to prevent infection.

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3. Early Screening for At-Risk Children

If there is a family history of the disease, pay attention:

• Conduct genetic tests if someone in the family had stomach cancer.

• If a mutation in the CDH1 gene is detected, doctors may recommend special preventive measures.

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4. Exercise and Healthy Weight

Obesity increases risk:

• Encourage your child to be active and exercise, even lightly.

• Ensure balanced eating away from excessive fats and sugars.

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5. Medical Follow-up for Symptoms

Any persistent complaint such as:

• Abdominal pain

• Unexplained weight loss

• Unexplained fatigue

Should be evaluated by a specialist promptly. Early detection increases treatment chances and reduces disease progression.

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Factors That May Increase the Risk of Stomach Cancer in Children

While exact causes are unclear, some factors may increase risk:

1. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) Infection

• Transmitted orally, affecting about 50% of children worldwide.

• Not always symptomatic but long-term infection may lead to ulcers or cancer.

2. Unhealthy Diet

• Excessive consumption of pickled foods, salty foods, and processed meats affects the stomach lining.

• Prolonged freezing of food may impact food safety.

3. Obesity and Overweight

• Body Mass Index (BMI) above 30 increases risk.

• Maintaining a balance of healthy eating and physical activity is essential.

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