When a woman enters the pregnancy period, the obstacles are at their weakest. It is important to mention that this stage is not easy or without challenges, but you may face many health problems. Pregnant women suffer from some viral diseases, such as measles, watery diarrhea, etc., which increases the possibility of these viruses being transmitted to the fetus through the placenta. Therefore, in theDalili Medical  lines, we will discuss the most important diseases that can be transmitted to the fetus inside the mother's womb through the placenta, with further explanations and explanations.

**Are we the placenta?**

In the first stages of pregnancy, a small group of cells in the amniotic sac divides rapidly into two parts: the first develops into the embryo, and the second forms into the placenta. The placenta is a temporary organ made up of blood vessels, where it attaches to the uterine wall and connects to the fetus through the umbilical cord, which provides the necessary nutrition during pregnancy, which lasts for several months.

How is the placenta formed?

The placenta begins to form in the fourth week of pregnancy, which is about 7 to 10 days after the implantation of the egg in the uterus. The placenta develops over the following two months, where the small blood capillaries transform into larger vessels, which allows more food and oxygen to be provided to the fetus. The placenta produces hormones at the beginning of the second trimester of pregnancy, which leads to the disappearance of the symptoms of nausea, fatigue and dizziness that most women suffer from during the first trimester.

What is the natural size of the placenta?

The length of the placenta is about 25.4 cm, and the placenta in the center reaches 2.54 cm, and the weight of the child is approximately 0.45 kg at birth.

What are the types of placenta?

Doctors classify the placenta into types based on the times in the uterus, and these types include:

- Anterior placenta: located in the front wall of the uterus.

- Posterior placenta: located in the posterior wall of the uterus.

- Low-lying placenta: It is located in the lower part of the uterus, and it covers the cervix, and it is considered one of the problems that the placenta may face during pregnancy.

- The placenta al-Kayya: It is located in the upper part of the womb, and it is also known as the bottom of the womb.

- Lateral placenta: located in the right or left wall of the uterus.

What are the common problems related to the placenta?

Some problems can appear in the placenta during pregnancy, which poses a risk to the health of the mother and the fetus. Among the most prominent of these problems are:

1. **Al-menzaha or al-Alhamada**: This condition occurs when the placenta descends to the lower part of the uterus, which leads to the covering of the cervix or the head.

2. **The attached placenta**: Occurs when the placenta is deeply attached to the wall of the uterus.

3. **Premature placental abruption**: This happens when the placenta separates from places in the uterus very early in pregnancy.

4. Placental insufficiency: It is a medical condition in which the placenta is unable to provide enough food or oxygen to the fetus.

5. **Retained placenta**: In this case, the intrauterine placenta remains part of me after childbirth.

6. **placental enlargement**: where the placenta grows abnormally.

What are the diseases that can be transmitted through the placenta to the fetus inside the mother's womb?

**Chickenpox** When a pregnant woman is infected with the chickenpox virus at the beginning of the attacks, the virus can cross the placenta, which leads to some birth defects. These deformities include leg defects, retinal deformities, lack of cortical cells, and alcoholic diseases. It is important to mention that even at birth, if the baby is exposed to the chicken pox virus, he may face some problems in the central nervous system. If you are tall enough to suffer from this disease in the past, your body is not tall enough, so your fetus is at risk during pregnancy. But if you have not been exposed to this disease before, it is necessary to get vaccinated before planning to get pregnant.

CMV is considered to be one of the common viruses that infect children and normal people. It is important to mention that this virus does not cause serious problems for cells. It should also be noted that the virus can be transmitted from mother to fetus. Statistics show that more than a third of mothers infected with the virus during pregnancy can transmit the infection to the fetus. In general, it is possible for 80% of children infected with HPV to make a full recovery without facing any developmental problems. However, some children who are infected with the virus, especially at birth, suffer from morbid symptoms including small body size, liver diseases, asthma, and jaundice, and the appearance of purple spots on the skin, in addition to yellowing of the eyes. Some of my children suffer from permanent deformities such as hearing loss and delayed neurological development.

**Coxsackie virus** Coxsackie virus belongs to a variety of strains, and we must be aware that these viruses can cause a variety of diseases, including those that affect the hands, feet, and mouth, in addition to encephalitis and inflammation of the lungs. It is important to mention that this infection can be transmitted from the mother to the fetus, which leads to birth defects in the urinary tract, urogenital system, digestive system, heart and blood vessels.

**AIDS** AIDS is considered to be a disease resulting from infection with the human immunodeficiency virus, which is transmitted through sexual contact, or between the blood, or from the mother to the child. We must know that this disease weakens the immune system, which makes the body unable to resist common diseases. If the mother is infected with HIV, the fetus may be infected as well, in addition to the possibility of transmitting the virus to children during birth or breastfeeding. However, the infected mother can give birth to a healthy child if the disease is diagnosed and treated early. Doctors always recommend HIV testing for all pregnant women, except inGroups at risk or low risk nature. It also emphasizes the importance of the mother's commitment to breast-feeding, and they are instructed precisely on how to care for their children to avoid the transmission of the virus to them.

**The fifth disease** This disease is characterized by the appearance of yellowish red spots on the skin, especially in the face area, and it is accompanied by a low-grade fever in addition to the awareness of some inflammation of the throat and joint pain. This disease can be transmitted through the placenta, and in rare cases, it may lead to the risk of miscarriage or stillbirth. The fetus infected with this virus may suffer from inflammation in the heart muscle, and it also inhibits the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow, which leads to anemia. In addition, this disease causes fluid retention in the tissue, which poses a risk to the child's health. in a big way In general, we can identify this through the use of ultrasound, which works to verify the child's fluid retention, and then regular examinations are performed to find out if the child needs a transfusion or not.

**German Measles** German measles is considered a serious disease that may increase the possibility of miscarriage or stillbirth. If a pregnant woman is exposed to measles during the first three months of pregnancy, there is a high probability that the child will be born with congenital measles. It is important to note that the diagnosis of this disease may be difficult, since the symptoms are not entirely clear. In some cases, the length of blood tests is very complicated. In general, fetuses infected with viruses that cause diseases can suffer from a variety of deformities and health problems, such as eye defects, heart diseases, deafness, defects in the central nervous system, delayed fetal development, platelet deficiency, anemia, hepatitis, and jaundice.