Familial Mediterranean Fever with Dr. Mona Abdel Razek El-Khatib

Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is a chronic genetic inflammatory disorder that affects the immune system and causes recurrent episodes of fever, abdominal pain, and joint inflammation. In this article, we explore the symptoms, methods of diagnosis, and modern treatment options with Dr. Mona Abdel Razek El-Khatib, Assistant Professor of Rheumatology and Immunology.

What is Familial Mediterranean Fever?

FMF is an inherited inflammatory disease that primarily affects people of Mediterranean descent, such as Turks, Arabs, and Armenians. It is caused by a mutation in the MEFV gene responsible for regulating immune response.

Dr. Mona Abdel Razek El-Khatib explains that symptoms typically begin in childhood or adolescence, and the severity may vary from one patient to another.

Symptoms of FMF

Symptoms appear in the form of repeated attacks, including:

• Sudden high fever

• Severe abdominal pain resembling appendicitis

• Swelling and pain in joints, especially knees and ankles

• Chest pain due to pleuritis

• Skin rash in some cases

• Chronic fatigue

Dr. Mona Abdel Razek El-Khatib emphasizes that episodes often last from one to three days and resolve spontaneously but may recur if left untreated.

How is FMF Diagnosed?

Diagnosis is based on family history and recurrent symptoms. Doctors rely on several tests to confirm FMF:

• Blood tests to measure inflammation markers (CRP, ESR)

• Serum Amyloid A (SAA) levels

• Genetic testing for MEFV mutations

Dr. Mona Abdel Razek El-Khatib highlights the importance of early diagnosis to prevent complications such as amyloidosis, which can lead to kidney failure.

How is FMF Treated?

Although FMF cannot be cured, effective treatments help control the disease and reduce flare-ups:

• Colchicine: The mainstay treatment that reduces the frequency and severity of attacks and prevents long-term complications.

• Biologic therapies for severe cases not responding to colchicine.

• Anti-inflammatory medications for symptom relief during episodes.

Dr. Mona Abdel Razek El-Khatib notes that consistent adherence to treatment enables patients to live normal lives and avoid serious complications.

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience recurrent episodes of fever, abdominal pain, or joint inflammation—especially with a family history—consult a rheumatology and immunology specialist like Dr. Mona Abdel Razek El-Khatib for evaluation and early management.