Published on: 2025-06-18 | Written by: I-Move Clinic, Dr. Ahmed Salama, former doctor of the first football team at Smouha Club
After a sports injury or sudden fall, it’s often hard to tell whether you’re dealing with a sprain or a bone fracture. Both cause pain and swelling, but the treatment differs significantly. In this article, Dr. Ahmed Salama, a specialist in physical therapy and sports rehabilitation, explains how to differentiate between the two and when to seek medical help.
A sprain is a stretching or tearing of ligaments that connect bones around a joint. It usually occurs due to a forceful twist or unnatural movement, especially in areas like the ankle or wrist.
Common sprain symptoms according to Dr. Ahmed Salama:
Pain in the affected joint
Visible swelling
Limited movement
Sometimes bruising
No obvious bone deformity
A fracture is a break or crack in the bone itself caused by excessive force or trauma. It can be simple (closed) or complex (displaced).
Fracture signs explained by Dr. Ahmed Salama:
Severe, continuous pain
Intense swelling
Visible deformity or bone misalignment
A cracking or popping sound at the moment of injury
Inability to move the affected limb
Aspect | Sprain | Fracture |
---|---|---|
Injury location | Ligaments around the joint | The bone itself |
Pain severity | Moderate to severe | Severe and persistent |
Swelling | Present, usually less than fracture | Sharp and pronounced |
Deformity | Rare | Common in severe cases |
Movement ability | Limited with pain | Often completely restricted |
Diagnosis method | Physical exam, sometimes imaging | X-rays are necessary |
Dr. Ahmed Salama stresses the importance of immediate medical attention if:
Pain lasts more than 24 hours
Swelling is excessive or sudden bruising appears
You can’t use the affected limb
There’s visible deformity or joint misalignment
Sprain: Rest, ice packs, elevation, and physical therapy.
Fracture: Immobilization with splints or casts, followed by functional rehab with Dr. Ahmed Salama to restore strength and motion.