Cough in children causes, types and comprehensive treatment

Coughing in children is one of the most concerning symptoms for mothers. It can be caused by various factors such as viral infections, allergies, or even acid reflux. In this article, we will discuss the causes of cough in children, its types, and how to treat it in a scientific yet simple way that suits all mothers.

Causes of Cough in Children

1. Viral Infections: Young children are more susceptible to viruses that cause colds and flu, which often lead to a cough that disappears within two weeks.

2. Whooping Cough: This appears as repeated coughing fits, accompanied by a "whooping" sound after the cough, and may also cause facial redness and vomiting.

3. Sinusitis: A cough that worsens at night or when lying down could be due to sinusitis and postnasal drip.

4. Asthma: Children with asthma experience a persistent cough, especially at night or with exertion, often accompanied by wheezing.

5. Acid Reflux: A cough that worsens after eating or during sleep might be due to stomach acid refluxing into the esophagus.

6. Inhalation of a Foreign Object: If a child swallows a foreign object, they may develop a sudden and persistent cough, requiring immediate medical intervention.

Types of Cough in Children

1. Dry Cough: Occurs without mucus and is usually caused by allergies or viral infections.

2. Productive Cough (With Mucus): Often results from bacterial or viral infections or asthma.

3. Barking Cough: Produces a harsh sound similar to a dog's bark and is caused by laryngitis.

4. Nighttime Cough: Often linked to asthma or postnasal drip.

5. Cough After Eating: May indicate acid reflux or food entering the windpipe.

When Is a Cough Dangerous and Requires a Doctor’s Visit?

✔ A cough lasting more than three weeks.
✔ Coughing up blood.
✔ Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath.
✔ Fever above 38.5°C (101.3°F).
✔ Swelling or redness in the face and eyes.
✔ Mucus turning dark green or thick yellow.
✔ Unexplained weight loss.

Treatment Methods for Cough in Children

1. Home Remedies

 Drinking warm fluids like anise and mint tea.
 Steam inhalation to moisten airways.
 Using saline solution for nasal congestion.
 Elevating the child’s head during sleep to reduce postnasal drip.
 Avoiding exposure to cigarette smoke or strong perfumes.

2. Medications (Under Medical Supervision)

 Antihistamines for allergic cough.
 Antibiotics if the cough is caused by a bacterial infection.
 Bronchodilators for children with asthma.
 Antacids if the cough is due to acid reflux.

3. Medical Treatment

 If caused by inhaling a foreign object, urgent medical removal is necessary.
 In severe cases of whooping cough, hospitalization may be required.
 Treating sinusitis with antibiotics and decongestants.

Tips to Prevent Cough in Children

 Regular hand washing to prevent infections.
 Avoid exposure to dust, smoke, and strong scents.
 Ensuring the child receives necessary vaccinations.
 Maintaining good ventilation at home.
 Using air humidifiers during winter.

Conclusion

Cough in children is a common issue, but in most cases, it is a symptom of a mild condition that improves over time. The key is for mothers to observe the type and timing of the cough and determine whether medical intervention is needed. If the cough persists for a long time or is accompanied by severe symptoms, seeking medical advice immediately is crucial to protecting the child’s health. 

Which Doctor Should You Consult?

The appropriate doctor depends on the cause of the cough:

• Pediatrician: If the cough is related to a viral infection or mild causes.

• Pulmonologist (Chest & Allergy Specialist): If the child has asthma, allergies, or chronic respiratory infections.

• ENT Specialist (Ear, Nose & Throat Doctor): If the cause is sinusitis or a foreign object in the airway.

• Gastroenterologist: If the cough is associated with acid reflux or digestive issues.

If the condition is unclear, a general physician can guide you to the appropriate specialist based on the symptoms.