Ultrasound and fetal abnormalities what do they reveal

Has your doctor recommended a detailed fetal scan during mid-pregnancy? Have you heard about 4D ultrasound and want to understand how it differs from the regular scan?A detailed fetal scan, also known as an Anomaly Scan, is a crucial diagnostic ultrasound performed during the second trimester of pregnancy. Its main purpose is to detect structural abnormalities in the fetus and monitor the baby’s growth and development in detail.In this article from Dalili Medical, we provide you with a comprehensive guide to this important examination — what it is, when it’s performed, what conditions it can detect, the difference between its types, and whether it’s safe for you and your baby.

✅ What Is a Detailed Fetal Scan (Anomaly Scan)?

The Anomaly Scan, also known as the mid-pregnancy scan, is a detailed ultrasound typically performed between 18 and 22 weeks of pregnancy. It is used to examine your baby’s major organs and structures, including:

Brain
Heart
Spine
Kidneys
Abdomen
Limbs
Face

It also helps assess:

Amniotic fluid levels
Placenta position
Fetal growth according to gestational age

✅ Who Should Have an Anomaly Scan?

This scan is recommended for all pregnant women, especially in cases where:

There’s a family history of congenital anomalies
The pregnancy is through IVF or involves twins/multiples
Previous tests showed abnormal results
The mother has diabetes, high blood pressure, or other chronic illnesses

✅ What’s the Difference Between Anomaly Scan and 4D Ultrasound?

Feature	Anomaly Scan	4D Ultrasound
Type	2D / 3D	3D/4D imaging
Purpose	Detect internal anomalies	View external features (face, limbs)
Focus	Internal organs	Facial features & movements
Image Clarity	Medical & diagnostic	Highly detailed visuals
Best Time	Weeks 18–22	Weeks 26–32

✅ What Can the Anomaly Scan Detect?

This scan can help identify:

Congenital heart defects
Cleft lip or palate
Spina bifida
Diaphragmatic hernia
Kidney and liver abnormalities
Limb or finger deformities
Low or high amniotic fluid
Fetal growth restrictions

Note: Some conditions may not be visible via ultrasound alone and could require MRI scans or genetic testing for confirmation.

✅ How Is the Scan Performed?

Duration: Around 20 to 40 minutes
Procedure:
- You will lie on your back, and a clear gel will be applied to your abdomen.
- A handheld device (transducer) is moved across the belly to capture images.
- Images of the baby’s internal structures appear in real-time on a monitor.
If the baby is not in a good position, you may be asked to walk, change position, or eat something sweet.

✅ Is the Anomaly Scan Safe?

Yes, it is completely safe for both the mother and the baby. It uses sound waves, not radiation, and causes no pain or harm. It can also be repeated if necessary.

✅ Can the Baby’s Gender Be Seen During This Scan?

In most cases, yes. The baby’s sex can be accurately identified during the scan if the position allows. However, the main goal of the scan is to assess fetal health, not just determine gender.

✅ How to Prepare for the Scan?

Wear comfortable clothing.
No fasting is required.
You might be asked to drink some water if your bladder is too empty, especially in early pregnancy.
Bring previous scan reports for comparison.

✅ When Might a Repeat Scan Be Necessary?

Your doctor may request a follow-up scan if:

The baby’s position makes it hard to see all organs
There’s maternal obesity
There’s low amniotic fluid

A repeat scan is usually done 1–2 weeks later.

✅ Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

❓ Can a regular ultrasound replace the Anomaly Scan?
❌ No. The Anomaly Scan is designed to assess fetal structures and abnormalities, which a regular scan might miss.

❓ Can I have the scan done at a private clinic?
✅ Yes, but make sure the clinic is accredited, uses modern equipment, and the scan is conducted by an obstetric imaging specialist.

❓ Is the 4D scan medically necessary?
Not necessarily. It’s optional and often done for emotional or keepsake purposes, although some parents find it reassuring to see their baby clearly.

✅ Conclusion

A Detailed Fetal Scan (Anomaly Scan) is one of the most important pregnancy scans. It offers a comprehensive view of your baby’s health, allowing for early detection and intervention if needed.

Don’t hesitate to undergo this scan—it gives you peace of mind and helps ensure your baby’s health and safety. Early knowledge leads to better planning and better outcomes for both mom and baby.