BRCA1 and BRCA2 testing protects you from breast and ovarian cancer

Do you have a family history of breast or ovarian cancer? Has your doctor recommended a BRCA test? Don’t worry—you’re not alone.
BRCA1 and BRCA2 testing is a vital genetic tool that identifies harmful mutations in two genes responsible for repairing damaged DNA. Detecting these mutations allows for early preventive action that can significantly reduce your cancer risk.In this article from Dalili Medical, we explain everything you need to know about the BRCA1 and BRCA2 test: what it is, who should get tested, how it’s done, and how to interpret the results.

✅ What Is the BRCA1 and BRCA2 Test?

The BRCA1 and BRCA2 test is a genetic screening designed to detect mutations (abnormal changes) in two genes: BRCA1 and BRCA2. These genes help repair DNA damage and maintain the stability of your genetic material.

When mutations occur in either gene, the body’s ability to fix damaged cells is compromised—leading to a significantly higher risk of developing several types of cancer, especially:

• Breast cancer

• Ovarian cancer

• Prostate cancer (in men)

• Pancreatic cancer

❓ Why Is a BRCA Test Recommended?

Doctors often recommend BRCA testing for individuals at increased genetic risk, particularly in the following situations:

• Family history of breast or ovarian cancer at a young age (before age 50)

• Male relatives diagnosed with breast cancer

• Multiple types of cancer present in the family

• A personal history of cancer in both breasts or both ovaries

• Belonging to populations with higher mutation rates (e.g., Ashkenazi Jewish descent)

 How Is the BRCA Test Performed?

• A sample of blood or saliva is collected, depending on the lab.

• The sample is sent to a specialized genetic testing laboratory.

• No fasting or special preparation is needed.

• Results are typically available within 2 to 4 weeks.

 Understanding BRCA Test Results

BRCA1/BRCA2 test results are usually classified into three categories:

⚠️ What Does a Positive BRCA Result Mean?

A positive BRCA result does not mean you have cancer—but it does indicate a higher-than-average lifetime risk. For example:

• The lifetime risk of breast cancer can rise to 70%.

• The risk of ovarian cancer can reach up to 44%, especially with BRCA1 mutations.

However, knowing this risk gives you the power to act early and potentially prevent cancer.

 What to Do After a Positive Result

Depending on your risk level and doctor’s guidance, the next steps may include:

• Frequent screenings (e.g., breast MRI and ultrasounds)

• Preventive medications (such as Tamoxifen)

• Preventive surgery (e.g., mastectomy or oophorectomy in high-risk cases)

• Genetic counseling for family members

 BRCA Testing for Men

Although BRCA mutations are more common in women, men can also benefit from BRCA testing, especially if:

• They have a strong family history of cancer

• They have had prostate or pancreatic cancer

• They want to understand the risk of passing the mutation to their children

 BRCA Testing and Pregnancy

Women who carry a BRCA mutation can use this genetic information for reproductive planning, including:

• Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) during IVF to avoid passing on the mutation

• Regular screening during and after pregnancy

• Consulting with a gynecologic oncologist for personalized risk management

 Accuracy of BRCA1/BRCA2 Testing

BRCA testing is one of the most accurate genetic tests, with >99% sensitivity for known mutations. However, interpretation always requires a qualified healthcare professional, as results may have different implications based on personal and family history.

❓ Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Do I need the test if I have no symptoms?
Yes. BRCA testing is mainly for preventive purposes, especially if there's a family history.

Is BRCA testing expensive?
It can be costly in some countries, but many healthcare systems and insurance plans offer coverage or financial support.

Can I take the test at any time?
Yes, as long as you’re not currently dealing with a serious illness that may interfere with the test.

Can my result change over time?
No. The genetic result is permanent, but the interpretation might evolve with ongoing research.

✅ Summary

The BRCA1 and BRCA2 test is a powerful genetic screening tool that plays a critical role in early cancer prevention, particularly for breast and ovarian cancer.

Early testing = better preparation = wider treatment and prevention options.
If you or a family member has a history of cancer, don’t hesitate to speak with your doctor about taking the BRCA test—it could save your life.