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Has your doctor recommended a Toxoplasma IgG/IgM test? The name might sound complicated, but this test is one of the essential screenings—especially for women of childbearing age. It helps detect infection with toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii), a condition that often causes no symptoms but can pose serious risks in certain situations.In this medical article from Dalili Medical, we’ll guide you through everything you need to know about the Toxoplasma IgG/IgM test: what it is, why it's done, how to interpret the results, and what complications it may pose during pregnancy.

✅ What Is the Toxoplasma IgG/IgM Test?

The Toxoplasma IgG/IgM test is a blood test used to detect antibodies produced by the immune system in response to infection with a parasite called Toxoplasma gondii, the cause of a disease known as toxoplasmosis.

The antibodies measured in this test are of two main types:

• IgM (Immunoglobulin M):
  Appears early during an active or recent infection. Indicates a recent exposure.

• IgG (Immunoglobulin G):
  Appears later and remains for life, indicating a past infection or acquired immunity.

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❓ Why Is the Toxoplasma IgG/IgM Test Ordered?

This test plays an important role in several medical situations, including:

1. Pregnant women or those planning pregnancy

To detect an active infection that could be transmitted to the fetus, leading to serious complications such as miscarriage or birth defects.

2. Newborn infants

If congenital infection is suspected, this test helps diagnose congenital toxoplasmosis.

3. Immunocompromised individuals

Such as those with HIV/AIDS or organ transplant recipients, where infection can lead to severe complications.

4. People with suspected symptoms

Such as unexplained fever, swollen lymph nodes, muscle pain, or visual problems.

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???? How Is the Test Performed?

• A blood sample is drawn from a vein, typically from the arm.

• No fasting or special preparation is required.

• Inform your doctor if you are pregnant or taking immunosuppressive medications.

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???? Reference Ranges for Toxoplasma IgG/IgM

⚠️ Values may vary between laboratories, but the commonly accepted ranges are:

Antibody	Negative Result	Positive Result
IgM	Less than 0.6 IU/mL	More than 1.1 IU/mL
IgG	Less than 1.6 IU/mL	More than 3.0 IU/mL

 

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???? Interpretation of Toxoplasma IgG/IgM Results

1. IgM (+) and IgG (−):

???? Very recent or active infection.
This is a potential risk during pregnancy and may require immediate treatment and close monitoring.

2. IgM (+) and IgG (+):

???? Recent infection in the recovery phase.
An IgG avidity test is recommended to confirm the timing of infection.

3. IgM (−) and IgG (+):

???? Past infection and immunity.
This is the ideal result for pregnant women, indicating no current risk.

4. IgM (−) and IgG (−):

⚪ No evidence of infection or immunity.
Precautions should be taken, especially before pregnancy, to avoid infection.

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⚠️ Risks of Toxoplasmosis During Pregnancy

If a pregnant woman becomes infected with toxoplasmosis—particularly during the first trimester—serious complications may occur, such as:

• Miscarriage

• Brain or eye damage in the fetus

• Hearing or developmental delays

• Enlarged liver or spleen

• Congenital Toxoplasmosis Syndrome

This is why the Toxoplasma IgG/IgM test is crucial in early pregnancy screenings.

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???? Can Toxoplasmosis Be Treated?

Yes. When diagnosed early, effective treatments are available:

• Spiramycin:
  Used during pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission to the fetus.

• Pyrimethamine + Sulfadiazine + Folinic Acid:
  Prescribed in confirmed fetal infections or severe maternal cases.

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???? Additional Tests That May Be Ordered Alongside Toxoplasma IgG/IgM

Test	Purpose
IgG Avidity Test	To determine whether the infection is recent or old
TORCH Panel	To screen for other infections that may affect pregnancy
PCR on Amniotic Fluid	To detect the parasite's DNA in the fetus
Prenatal Ultrasound	To evaluate fetal development and detect any abnormalities

 

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❓ Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Can toxoplasmosis be transmitted by cats?

Yes, cats are a primary source, especially through contact with cat feces.

Can food cause toxoplasmosis?

Yes, eating raw or undercooked meat can transmit the parasite.

Can toxoplasmosis be prevented?

Yes. Follow hygiene practices and avoid sources of infection, including raw meat and contact with cat litter.

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✅ Summary

The Toxoplasma IgG/IgM test is more than just a routine blood test—it's a critical diagnostic and preventive tool, particularly for pregnant women and those planning to conceive. Proper understanding of the results can prevent serious complications and provide peace of mind.

If you're of childbearing age or planning a pregnancy, don’t hesitate to ask your doctor about this test to protect your health and your baby's.