When do you need a semen analysisAnd how read the results accurately

With rising fertility challenges among couples, semen analysis has become one of the most essential tests in evaluating male fertility.
It helps doctors detect any abnormalities in sperm quality or quantity, which can directly impact the chances of conception.In this comprehensive guide from Dalili Medical, we explain when a semen analysis is needed, what the results mean, and how to properly prepare for the test.

✅ What Is a Semen Analysis?

A semen analysis is a laboratory test used to evaluate the physical, chemical, and biological properties of semen—produced by the testicles and containing sperm.

This test is typically performed to assess:

• Sperm count (total number of sperm)

• Motility (movement)

• Morphology (shape)

• Volume and concentration of semen

• Presence of abnormal cells or infection

⏱️ When Is a Semen Analysis Ordered?

A semen analysis is commonly recommended in the following situations:

• Infertility evaluation, especially after 12 months of unprotected intercourse without conception

• Assessment before assisted reproductive techniques like IVF or ICSI

• After infections or trauma to the reproductive tract

• Post-varicocele surgery

• In cases of erectile dysfunction or low libido, to rule out organic causes

• To evaluate the success of vasectomy or prostate surgery

 How to Prepare for a Semen Analysis

To get accurate results, follow these guidelines:

• Abstain from ejaculation for 2–5 days before the test

• Avoid alcohol and drugs several days prior

• Avoid excessive heat, such as saunas or tight clothing

• It’s best to collect the sample at the lab, but home collection is allowed if the sample is brought in within 30–60 minutes and kept at body temperature

 How Is the Test Done?

• The semen sample is collected by masturbation into a sterile container

• The sample is analyzed immediately under a microscope

• It is evaluated according to WHO criteria to measure all important parameters

 How to Interpret Semen Analysis Results

✅ WHO 2021 Reference Ranges:

⚠️ What Do Abnormal Results Indicate?

 1. Low Sperm Count (Oligospermia)

Below-normal sperm count, possibly due to infections, varicocele, hormonal imbalance, or environmental factors.

 2. No Sperm Detected (Azoospermia)

Could indicate blockage in reproductive tract or testicular failure in producing sperm.

 3. Poor Motility (Asthenozoospermia)

Reduced movement makes it harder for sperm to reach the egg.

 4. Abnormal Morphology (Teratozoospermia)

High percentage of misshapen sperm can reduce fertilization capability.

 5. Elevated White Blood Cells (Pyospermia)

Often a sign of infection or inflammation in the prostate or reproductive tract.

 Can the Test Be Repeated?

Yes. It’s recommended to repeat the test 2–3 times over a two-month period, since sperm production naturally cycles every ~74 days.

 Additional Tests That May Be Ordered

 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

❓ Is abstinence necessary before the test?

Yes, 2–5 days of abstinence is ideal for accuracy.

❓ Can stress or anxiety affect the results?

Yes, to some extent. Staying relaxed helps.

❓ Does abnormal sperm shape mean infertility?

Not always. The overall percentage of normal forms is what matters most.

✅ Summary

Semen analysis is a simple yet crucial test for evaluating male fertility.
Minor abnormalities in sperm count or motility don’t necessarily mean infertility—they may be temporary or treatable.

If you’re experiencing delayed conception, consult a reproductive health specialist and consider a semen analysis as your first step.