Parathyroid Tests Symptoms and Signs You Should Not Ignore

The culprit might be your parathyroid gland. Despite its small size, this gland plays a critical role in regulating calcium and phosphate levels in the body.In this article from Dalili Medical, we provide a comprehensive and simplified guide to parathyroid gland tests — what they are, when they’re needed, and how to understand the results in an easy-to-follow way.

✅ What Are the Parathyroid Glands?

The parathyroid glands are four small glands located behind the thyroid gland in the neck. They secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH), which plays a key role in regulating calcium and phosphate levels in the blood and bones.

Disorders of these glands may lead to:

Hyperparathyroidism – causes high calcium levels

Hypoparathyroidism – leads to low calcium levels

What Are Parathyroid Gland Tests?

Parathyroid tests include several lab investigations that measure hormones and minerals related to calcium balance:

1. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Test

The most important test to assess parathyroid function

Measures the hormone that controls calcium levels

2. Total Calcium Test

Evaluates the overall calcium level in the blood

High or low levels may indicate parathyroid dysfunction

3. Ionized Calcium Test

A more accurate measure of calcium in certain cases

Shows the active (free) calcium not bound to proteins

4. Phosphorus Test

Often has an inverse relationship with calcium

High phosphorus levels may indicate hypoparathyroidism, while low levels suggest hyperparathyroidism

5. Vitamin D Test

Low Vitamin D can trigger the parathyroid glands to produce more PTH

Important to evaluate alongside calcium levels

⏱️ When Does a Doctor Recommend Parathyroid Tests?

Doctors may request parathyroid tests in the following cases:

Symptoms of calcium imbalance, such as:

Tingling or numbness in hands or feet

Muscle cramps or spasms

Bone fragility or fractures

Chronic fatigue

Unexplained high or low calcium levels

Monitoring known cases of hyperparathyroidism or hypoparathyroidism

Recurrent kidney stones related to calcium disturbances

Diagnosing osteoporosis or significant bone density loss

???? Normal Reference Ranges for Parathyroid Function Tests

Test	Normal Range
PTH	10 – 65 pg/mL
Total Calcium	8.5 – 10.5 mg/dL
Ionized Calcium	4.4 – 5.2 mg/dL
Phosphorus	2.5 – 4.5 mg/dL
Vitamin D	30 – 100 ng/mL (optimal ≥ 50)

⚠️ Note: Reference ranges may vary slightly depending on the lab, age, and gender. Always consult a healthcare professional to interpret results accurately.

What Do the Results Mean?

✅ 1. High PTH + High Calcium

Indicates: Primary hyperparathyroidism

Common Cause: A benign tumor in one of the parathyroid glands

✅ 2. High PTH + Low Calcium

Suggests: Vitamin D deficiency or chronic kidney disease

Why? The body compensates for low calcium by stimulating PTH secretion

✅ 3. Low PTH + Low Calcium

Indicates: Hypoparathyroidism

Common Cause: Genetic disorders or after thyroid/parathyroid surgery

✅ 4. Low PTH + High Calcium

Possible Causes: Cancer, Vitamin D overdose, or other metabolic conditions

How Is the Parathyroid Test Done?

A blood sample is drawn from a vein.

Fasting (6–8 hours) is often recommended.

Avoid calcium or Vitamin D supplements before the test, as advised by your doctor.

⚠️ Factors That Can Affect PTH Test Accuracy

Calcium or Vitamin D supplementation

Chronic kidney disease

Certain medications (e.g., lithium, diuretics)

Dehydration or fluid overload

???? Complications of Parathyroid Disorders

1. In Case of Hyperparathyroidism (Overactive Gland):

Severe osteoporosis

Kidney stones

Muscle weakness

Depression or mood swings

2. In Case of Hypoparathyroidism (Underactive Gland):

Frequent muscle cramps

Tingling or numbness in hands and feet

Heart arrhythmias

Calcifications in the brain or kidneys

❓ Is the PTH Test Alone Enough?

No, the PTH test should always be interpreted alongside calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D levels. The relationship between these elements helps doctors:

Identify the root cause of calcium imbalance

Differentiate between primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism

Develop an accurate and effective treatment plan

???? Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Parathyroid Tests

Is the PTH test done as part of routine checkups?
No, it is usually ordered when symptoms appear or when blood calcium levels are abnormal.

Are parathyroid disorders common?
Yes. Primary hyperparathyroidism is one of the most common endocrine disorders, especially in women over 40.

Can parathyroid function be improved through diet alone?
Not entirely. While diet (especially calcium and vitamin D intake) can support bone health, medical treatment is often required. Always consult an endocrinologist before making changes.

✅ Summary

Parathyroid tests are essential tools for diagnosing calcium and bone metabolism disorders. Although simple, these tests provide your doctor with a detailed map of your parathyroid function and can help detect hidden conditions before they become serious.

???? Dalili Medical Tip:

If you’re experiencing symptoms like fatigue, bone pain, frequent muscle cramps, or if your calcium test results are abnormal — don't hesitate to ask for a PTH test and consult an endocrinologist for accurate evaluation and care.