Genital wart treatment Effective methods for men and women to prevent and get rid of it

Genital warts are among the most common health issues affecting people around the world. While they can be uncomfortable or even embarrassing, they are usually treatable and manageable. These warts are primarily caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), a virus that can sometimes go unnoticed or appear in various shapes and sizes, raising many questions about prevention and treatment.In this Dailylly Medical guide, we’ll take you through everything you need to know about genital warts — from their causes and symptoms to safe and effective methods of diagnosis and treatment. Whether you’re looking for medical solutions or natural remedies, you’ll find all the information you need to protect your health and find peace of mind.

Genital warts are small growths that appear in the genital area and are caused by infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). These warts are considered a sexually transmitted disease (STD) and are mainly spread through intimate contact between infected partners. Genital warts can appear in both men and women, and it may take months for a person to notice them after the initial infection.

These warts can show up in various areas such as the external genitals, anus, or mouth. In the beginning, they may be small and symptom-free, but in some cases, they can cause discomfort.

When Do Genital Warts Appear?
Genital warts often appear some time after a person becomes infected with HPV. The incubation period of the virus usually ranges from a few weeks to several months, but in some cases, it can take years. A person may also carry the virus without showing any symptoms or visible warts.

Can Genital Warts Be Cured?
Many people wonder: can genital warts be cured? The answer is yes, warts can be treated, but it’s important to understand that the virus itself cannot be completely eliminated. After treatment, the warts may disappear, but they can return in the future, especially if the immune system is weakened. That’s why regular checkups and follow-up care are essential.

Are Genital Warts Contagious?
Yes, genital warts are contagious. The virus that causes them spreads through sexual contact. Even if the warts are not visible or have been removed, the virus can still be transmitted to others. It can remain in the body for a long time without causing any symptoms, which means it can be passed on without the infected person knowing.

When Do Genital Warts Appear After Infection?
Genital warts may appear shortly after infection with HPV, but in some cases, they take longer to develop—sometimes even years. This makes it difficult to pinpoint exactly when the infection occurred. A person can carry the virus without any signs or visible warts and still pass it on to others unknowingly.

How Long Do Genital Warts Last?
Genital warts can remain in the body for a long time. Even after being treated and removed, they may reappear. The effectiveness of treatment varies from person to person, and in some cases, the condition may persist despite treatment. If you have genital warts, it’s important to consult a doctor to determine the best course of action and to monitor for any future changes.

What Are the Complications of Genital Warts?
In most cases, genital warts don’t cause serious health problems. The virus responsible—HPV—is usually a low-risk type. However, it’s important to note that some strains of HPV can cause other types of cancer, such as cervical cancer. These high-risk strains are not the same as the ones that cause warts, but it’s still important to monitor your health.

Is It Okay to Remove Genital Warts?
Yes, genital warts can be removed, but unfortunately, the virus itself cannot be completely eliminated. Even after the warts are removed, HPV can remain in the body. In some cases, the virus may clear on its own, but there is no guarantee. Some people may experience recurring outbreaks after treatment, while others may not.

Are Genital Warts Dangerous?
Genital warts themselves are not dangerous, but they should not be ignored. They may indicate infection with HPV, some types of which are associated with serious conditions such as cervical cancer. That’s why it’s important not to ignore genital warts and to undergo regular medical screenings, such as Pap smears, to detect any early cellular changes that could lead to cancer.

How Long Can Genital Warts Last?
If left untreated, genital warts may last from several months to two years. About 25% of genital warts disappear within 3 to 6 months, while around 65% may take up to two years to go away. However, the duration can vary from person to person depending on several factors.

Do All Types of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Cause Warts?

HPV is a large group of viruses. Only some types cause warts, while others do not cause any noticeable problems. Out of over 100 types of HPV, about 60 types can cause warts on areas like the hands and legs. The remaining 40 types are responsible for genital warts, which affect areas like the penis, vagina, or anus and are spread through sexual contact.

Does Everyone With HPV Get Warts?

Not necessarily. Not everyone who is infected with HPV will develop warts. Whether or not warts appear depends largely on the body’s immune response to the virus. A person may carry the virus without showing any symptoms or visible signs of infection.

Types of Warts:

Common Warts (Verruca Vulgaris):
These are the most frequently seen type of warts, caused by certain HPV strains. They typically appear on the hands and fingers, featuring a rough, grainy surface. Their size and shape can vary, and they may have small black dots (clotted blood vessels) in the center. They can be itchy or even painful.
Plantar Warts:
These occur on the soles of the feet and are often flat or slightly raised. They may be painful, especially when standing or walking, and the skin around them may become thick. They are caused by HPV strains that thrive in warm, moist environments like public showers and swimming pools.
Flat Warts (Verruca Plana):
Flat warts are smooth and flat and typically appear on the face, neck, or legs. They are smaller than other types of warts and may be pink, brown, or yellow. They are more common in children and young adults and are caused by different HPV strains.
Genital Warts:
These are caused by specific strains of HPV that are transmitted through sexual contact. They often appear on the genital area, anus, or mouth. While they are usually painless, they can cause itching, burning, or bleeding. They vary in size and shape and can be flesh-colored, gray, or pink.
Filiform Warts:
These warts are long and narrow, often found on the face, neck, or around the mouth. They can have a rough surface and are usually flesh-colored or brown. Filiform warts may also appear in other areas and can grow in clusters.
Periungual Warts:
These grow under and around the nails and can be painful. They may cause nail deformities or affect nail growth. In severe cases, surgical treatment may be required.
Mosaic Warts:
Mosaic warts appear as clusters of small warts on the hands or feet. They can be painful and are caused by the same HPV strain that causes common warts. These warts can be hard to treat and may require multiple sessions for complete removal.

Causes of Genital Warts

Genital warts are bumps that appear in the genital area due to infection with HPV. The virus spreads easily due to several factors. Here are the main causes of genital warts:

Direct Sexual Contact:
The most common way genital warts spread is through sexual contact with someone infected. The virus enters through tiny cuts or abrasions in the skin or mucous membranes.
Skin-to-Skin Contact:
Even without intercourse, the virus can be transmitted through direct skin contact, especially in warm, moist areas.
Mother-to-Child Transmission:
In rare cases, an infected mother may pass the virus to her baby during childbirth, leading to warts in the baby's mouth or throat.
Weakened Immune System:
People with weak immune systems—such as those with HIV or on immunosuppressive medications—are more vulnerable to HPV and genital warts.
Previous HPV Infection:
If you’ve had genital warts or HPV before, you're at higher risk of getting them again.
Lack of Protection:
Not using condoms or other protective methods during sexual activity increases the risk of transmitting the virus.

Symptoms of Genital Warts

Small Growths or Bumps:
Genital warts usually appear as small, flesh-colored or gray bumps. They can be flat or raised and sometimes resemble cauliflower in appearance.
Itching or Discomfort:
Genital warts may cause itching or irritation in the affected area, although they are often painless.
Bleeding During Intercourse:
In some cases, warts may bleed during sex or if touched.
Rough or Uneven Skin Texture:
The skin around the warts may feel rough or bumpy.
Multiple Warts:
Warts may appear in clusters or increase in number over time.

Risk Factors for Genital Warts

Unprotected Sexual Activity:
Having sex without using condoms increases the risk of contracting HPV, the virus that causes genital warts.
Multiple Sexual Partners:
Individuals with multiple sexual partners are at a higher risk of HPV infection.
Young Age:
People under the age of 25, especially those who are sexually active, are more vulnerable to the virus.
Weakened Immune System:
Those with weakened immune systems—such as individuals with HIV/AIDS or those taking immunosuppressive drugs—are at greater risk of developing HPV infections.
Previous Medical History:
If you’ve had genital warts or a previous HPV infection, you’re more likely to experience a recurrence.
Smoking:
Smoking can impair immune function, which increases the risk of developing genital warts.
Not Receiving the HPV Vaccine:
The HPV vaccine helps protect against the types of HPV that cause genital warts and certain cancers. Not getting vaccinated increases your risk of infection.

Complications of Genital Warts

Although genital warts may not cause symptoms in many cases, delaying or ignoring treatment can lead to serious complications. Here are the most common ones:

Cancer:
Some strains of HPV can eventually lead to cancer in affected areas. If genital warts are left untreated, they may increase the risk of cervical, vulvar, vaginal, or anal cancer. In men, they can also contribute to cancers of the penis, testicles, or anus.
Difficulty with Pregnancy:
In some cases, warts may grow large enough to cause pain during urination or childbirth. Pressure on warts during delivery may lead to bleeding, which can interfere with normal vaginal stretching.
Transmission to Newborn During Birth:
In rare cases, a baby can contract genital warts during vaginal delivery. This may require surgical treatment if the warts develop in the baby’s throat and cause breathing difficulties.

Diagnosis of Genital Warts

Genital warts are usually diagnosed through a physical examination by a doctor. Here are the common diagnostic methods:

Physical Examination:
The doctor will visually inspect the genital area for warts or abnormal growths. Diagnosis is often based on the characteristic appearance of the warts.
Colposcopy:
If warts are not clearly visible, a magnifying device called a colposcope may be used to closely examine the area and detect small warts.
Acetic Acid Test:
Applying acetic acid (vinegar solution) to the affected area can turn warts white, making them easier to detect.
Biopsy:
If the warts appear unusual or persistent, they may be removed and sent to a lab for analysis to determine the HPV strain—especially if there’s concern about cancer-related strains.
HPV Testing:
While HPV testing is not always necessary, it is recommended in certain cases—especially for women—to check for high-risk HPV strains that may lead to cervical or anal cancer.
Blood Tests:
You may be asked to undergo tests for other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as chlamydia or gonorrhea.

Genital Warts Treatment in Women

In some cases, genital warts may go away on their own within weeks. However, if they persist, are large, or cause discomfort, several treatment options are available depending on the size, location, and severity of the warts.

1. Topical Medications

Imiquimod Cream (Aldara or Zyclara):
This cream helps boost the immune system to fight the virus. Avoid sexual contact while using it, as it may weaken condoms. Side effects can include skin redness, sores, or body aches.
Podophyllin and Podofilox (Condylox):
Derived from plant-based compounds that destroy wart tissue. Podophyllin is applied by a doctor, while Podofilox can be used at home. It’s not safe during pregnancy and may cause irritation or ulcers.

2. Trichloroacetic Acid (TCA):

A chemical treatment that "burns" the warts. Often used for internal genital warts and may cause mild irritation or pain.

3. Sinecatechins (Veregen):

A cream used for external genital warts or those around the anus. Side effects are usually mild, such as redness, itching, or burning.

4. Avoid Over-the-Counter Wart Removers:

Wart treatments sold without a prescription are not intended for the genital area and may cause harm.

Effective Medical Treatments for Genital Warts

If genital warts don't go away or become painful or large, medical treatment may be needed. The choice depends on the wart's size, location, and overall health condition.

Topical Medications

Imiquimod (Imiquimod cream):
Boosts the immune system. Possible side effects include redness and itching.
Trichloroacetic Acid (TCA):
Destroys infected tissue. May cause discomfort or irritation.
Podofilox and other solutions:
Destroys wart tissue. Applied at home but should not be used during pregnancy.

Surgical Treatments

Cryotherapy (Freezing with Liquid Nitrogen):
Freezes and destroys wart tissue. Multiple sessions may be required. Pain and swelling are common.
Electrocautery (Electrical Burning):
An electric current burns off the wart. It's effective but may cause pain or swelling.
Surgical Removal:
A doctor uses surgical instruments to cut off the warts under local or general anesthesia. Some pain after the procedure is possible.
Laser Treatment:
Uses intense laser light to burn off warts. Often used for stubborn warts but may cause pain or scarring.

How Are Genital Warts Cauterized?

Electrocautery is an effective treatment that burns the wart with a low-voltage electric current. Local anesthesia is applied to reduce pain, and the procedure is done at the doctor’s office.

Tips During Treatment

Avoid Sexual Activity:
Refrain from intercourse during treatment to avoid skin irritation and improve treatment success.
Avoid Harsh Products:
Don’t use harsh soaps or chemical-laden creams on affected areas.
Treatment Duration:
It may take time to fully eliminate warts, especially if they are large or resistant.

Do Small Genital Warts Need Treatment?

Small warts may disappear on their own within weeks. However, if they persist or cause discomfort, consult a doctor for the right treatment.

Genital Warts Treatment During Pregnancy

Many pregnant women worry about genital warts and their effects on pregnancy or the baby. While the risk of passing the virus to the baby is very low, some treatment options are available if needed.

Safe Treatments During Pregnancy:

Topical Creams:
Use only doctor-approved creams during pregnancy.
Cryotherapy:
Freezing with liquid nitrogen is safe and effective.
Surgical Removal:
Large warts that may affect delivery may be removed surgically using safe methods.
Laser Treatment:
Used in stubborn cases, considered safe when needed.

Genital Warts Treatment in Men

There’s no specific cure for genital warts in men, especially if they show no symptoms. Warts often disappear naturally. If treatment is required, similar methods used for women may be applied:

Topical creams
Cryotherapy
Surgical removal

Natural Remedies for Genital Warts

In addition to medical treatments, some herbal remedies may help. However, always consult your doctor before using natural products.

Best Herbs for Genital Warts:

Tea Tree Oil:
Has antibacterial and antifungal properties. Mix one drop with two drops of coconut oil and apply gently. Never apply it undiluted as it may cause irritation.
Green Tea Extract:
Known for antiviral effects. Mix one drop with a carrier oil and apply directly.
Witch Hazel:
Gentler than tea tree oil and can reduce wart size. Avoid using it on mucous membranes like the vagina or anus.
Eating Vegetables:
Eat 4–5 servings of vegetables daily. Cruciferous veggies like broccoli, cabbage, and cauliflower contain Indole-3-Carbinol, which may help remove warts.

Which Doctor Treats Genital Warts?

Dermatologist:
Specializes in skin conditions and can diagnose and treat warts with creams, freezing, or cauterization.
Gynecologist (for women):
Especially during pregnancy or if the warts affect childbirth. They provide appropriate screenings and treatments.
Urologist (for men):
Handles cases affecting male genital organs or the urinary tract.