Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and pregnancy are a double whammy for many women of childbearing age. Infertility rates are significantly higher in those with PCOS, and women often have difficulty getting pregnant, which may require treatment to improve their chances of getting pregnant. Some women with PCOS may ovulate occasionally, while others may not. In this article, Dalili Medical will explore the relationship between PCOS and pregnancy, as well as some ways you can help maintain a healthy pregnancy if you have PCOS.

**Does PCOS affect the sex of your baby?**

 

PCOS does not cause infertility, but it can affect arousal and erections.

**Can PCOS lead to miscarriage?**

 

PCOS is associated with a number of hormonal changes that can lead to recurrent miscarriage. High levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) have been observed in some cases of polycystic ovary syndrome, in addition to increased levels of insulin, which is associated with many vital processes and may contribute to recurrent miscarriage.

**When does an ovarian cyst become dangerous to a pregnant woman?**

 

Usually, polycystic ovary syndrome during pregnancy is not a cause for concern, as cysts can disappear on their own. However, torsion of the cyst or ovary requires urgent medical intervention, as this can lead to problems during childbirth.

How can I deal with polycystic ovary syndrome during pregnancy?

 

There are medications that help relieve the symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome, such as acne and increased hair growth. Among these medications are birth control pills that regulate the menstrual cycle and reduce levels of male hormones. Metformin is also used to increase the body's response to insulin, which contributes to improving weight loss and lowering cholesterol levels.

Do cysts lead to fetal malformations?

 

PCOS is also associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, which may contribute to the metabolic and reproductive abnormalities seen in affected women.

Does pregnancy with PCOS increase the risk of fetal death?

 

Women with PCOS are at increased risk of preeclampsia, or pregnancy-induced high blood pressure. High blood pressure in preeclampsia can significantly affect the health of the fetus, and these women may face higher risks, sometimes requiring a cesarean section.

**Can pregnancy continue with an ovarian cyst?**

 

Having PCOS or polycystic ovary syndrome does not mean you cannot get pregnant. PCOS is a leading cause of infertility in women, but it is treatable. In women with this syndrome, hormonal imbalances affect the growth and release of eggs from the ovaries, known as ovulation.

**How ​​do I know if the cyst has disappeared?**

 

After a period of treatment, you may notice some signs that indicate the disappearance of ovarian cysts, including: regular menstrual cycles so that they come on time every month, weight loss, especially if you had difficulty losing excess weight previously due to cysts, and the disappearance of hyperpigmentation in the skin in areas such as the neck, arms, and face.

**Do cysts disappear during pregnancy?**

 

Ovarian cysts can be treated and the chances of pregnancy increased by using some medications that help control the symptoms of this syndrome. These treatments include hormonal therapy that stimulates the ovaries to produce eggs, by taking birth control pills that contain the hormones progesterone and estrogen.

Can an ovarian cyst be removed during pregnancy?

 

In some special cases, the doctor may need to remove ovarian cysts using a laparoscope. This procedure is performed under general anesthesia, where several small incisions are made in the abdomen to insert the camera and surgical tools to remove the cysts.

Does polycystic ovary syndrome cause bleeding during pregnancy?

 

Women who suffer from polycystic ovary syndrome during pregnancy are advised to see a doctor if any of the following symptoms appear: severe and sudden pain in the lower abdomen and back, vaginal bleeding, or a feeling of dizziness accompanied by pain.

**Pycnic ovary syndrome and weak pregnancy**

 

Symptoms of weak pregnancy, such as persistent cramps and lower back pain, colored vaginal discharge, and vaginal bleeding, are common among pregnant women who suffer from polycystic ovary syndrome. Studies have shown that polycystic ovary syndrome may be associated with weak pregnancy and some other complications, such as: miscarriage, pregnancy-related high blood pressure, gestational diabetes, premature birth, and cesarean section. If you suffer from polycystic ovary syndrome and become pregnant, there is no need to worry too much, as not all of these complications necessarily occur, and they may not occur at all. All you need to do is follow up with your doctor regularly and pay attention to any symptoms that indicate a weak pregnancy. There are treatment options that your doctor may suggest to reduce the risk of miscarriage and other complications of a weak pregnancy.

**How ​​can I maintain my pregnancy with polycystic ovary syndrome?**

 

Although polycystic ovary syndrome can lead to a weak pregnancy, there are steps you can take to maintain your pregnancy. It is important to follow a balanced diet and not to increase calories excessively after pregnancy, as maintaining a healthy weight is very important. In the last months, you may need to increase calories moderately, but this should be done under medical supervision.

**What is polycystic ovary syndrome?**

 

Polycystic ovary syndrome, also known as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO), is a common disorder among women and girls in their teenage years and childbearing years. Ovarian cysts are diagnosed through ultrasound, where they appear as abnormally growing follicles, which are part of the anatomy and function of the ovary.

**Can pregnancy continue with polycystic ovary syndrome?**

 

It can lead toPolycystic ovary syndrome can lead to recurrent miscarriages due to high levels of testosterone. Insulin resistance associated with polycystic ovary syndrome can also affect the lining of the uterus.

**Can pregnancy occur with a single ovarian cyst?**

 

Yes, it is theoretically possible to become pregnant with a cyst in one ovary, but this depends on several factors. The size and location of the cyst can affect ovarian function and a woman’s ability to conceive. Some cysts can affect the secretion of hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle and ovulation, which can affect the ability to conceive. However, many women with polycystic ovary syndrome can conceive naturally after following appropriate treatment and a healthy lifestyle. It is advisable to talk to a doctor for proper guidance.

**Are ovarian cysts dangerous?**

 

Ovarian cysts are a common condition that often has no symptoms and may go away on their own without the need for treatment. However, in some cases, the cyst may twist or rupture, making its presence a concern for women. This can lead to serious complications such as rupture, bleeding, or ovarian torsion. Sometimes, the cyst may be cancerous, which increases its risk significantly.

**What is the color of ovarian cyst blood?**

 

Ovarian cysts can lead to the accumulation of dark blood inside the ovary, which may turn brown over time, resembling a chocolate cyst. This happens as a result of the reflux of blood during the menstrual cycle and its collection in the ovary, where water is absorbed and blood is left to clump inside the cyst.

Types of ovarian cysts that do not pose a risk to pregnancy

There are some cysts that do not pose any risk to pregnancy, or can be easily treated if they have any effect. Among these cysts, we mention the functional cyst, adenoma cyst, and dermoid cyst:

**Functional cyst**Functional cysts are known as follicular cysts or corpus luteum cysts, which form as a result of the hardening of empty or immature follicles. These cysts are considered one of the most common types of ovarian cysts. Functional cysts or corpus luteum cysts that form during a normal ovulation cycle do not affect fertility and usually go away on their own.

**Adenoma cyst (benign tumor)** Tumors on the surface of the ovaries are referred to as adenoma cysts or adenomas. A dermoid cyst is made up of solid components such as hair, fat, cartilage, skin, bone, or teeth, etc. These cysts are more dangerous than cysts that contain fluid, but they do not prevent pregnancy. If the cyst is less than 5 centimeters in size, the risk is very low.

**Does an ovarian cyst rupture lead to infertility?**

 

A ruptured ovarian cyst is a serious complication associated with the presence of a cyst and can cause health problems. However, women who are concerned about infertility due to a ruptured cyst should know that the rupture of small, harmless cysts does not cause any problems and may not be accompanied by any symptoms.

Also, the rupture of large cysts does not necessarily cause reproductive problems, and the main risks are pain and severe bleeding and the patient may have to stay in the hospital. Therefore, pregnancy can be achieved again by controlling the problems resulting from the ruptured cysts and treating them in a timely manner.

Does removing the ovaries lead to infertility?

 

The possibility of pregnancy after an ovary removal (oophorectomy) depends on the patient's condition and the reasons for the operation, in addition to whether one or both ovaries were removed. If one ovary is removed, the other ovary remains able to support the menstrual cycle and the natural ability to conceive.

On the other hand, removing both ovaries may lead to symptoms such as inability to conceive. However, if the uterus is still present, assisted reproductive techniques can be used to achieve pregnancy. It is important to consult a doctor to determine the best options available for reproduction based on each woman's condition and health conditions.

**Does polycystic ovary syndrome affect pregnancy?**

 

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome are more susceptible to some problems and complications during pregnancy. Babies born to mothers with PCOS face increased risks, such as needing to stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) or dying before, during, or immediately after birth.

Common conditions associated with PCOS, such as metabolic syndrome and high levels of androgens, also increase the risks that may affect babies.

**Does PCOS affect the fetus?**

 

Babies born to mothers with PCOS face increased risks of pregnancy-related complications. Common conditions such as high androgen levels and metabolic syndrome may increase the risk of complications affecting the fetus. There is also a greater chance that the baby will need to spend time in the NICU.

What Causes Ovarian Cysts During Pregnancy?

 

The most common type of ovarian cyst during pregnancy is a corpus luteum cyst. Instead of shrinking, the follicle that released the egg fills with fluid and remains on the ovary.

Although these cysts usually go away on their own by the middle of the second trimester, in some cases they may remain on the ovary. If they grow larger or cause symptoms, they may need to be removed.

There is also another type of cyst that a woman may have before pregnancy, which may remain on the ovary during pregnancy. In addition, other types of cysts may form during pregnancy and cause pain, but they usually do not affect the course of the pregnancy.

What happens when you have ovarian cysts during pregnancy?

 

Ovarian cysts usually do not cause any problems during pregnancy. However, if the cyst continues to grow, it may rupture or twist, which may lead to ovarian torsion. A growing cyst can also cause problemsDuring childbirth, especially if the mass is large enough to block the abdomen or pelvis.

The doctor performs ultrasound examinations periodically to monitor the condition of the ovaries and cysts, to ensure that they do not grow or threaten to cause any problems. If the ultrasound is not sufficient to see the cyst causing the problems, an MRI may be used.

**Ovarian cyst damage to the pregnant woman**

 

The risk of miscarriage is higher in pregnant women with polycystic ovaries compared to other pregnant women. According to a study published in the Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India in 2020, the rate of miscarriage among pregnant women with polycystic ovaries was 2.2%. Although the reasons behind this relationship are not clear, it is believed that several factors may contribute to the increased risk of miscarriage in these women, including:

**First factor:** Women with PCOS have longer menstrual cycles, which means that ovulation occurs later. This may expose the developing egg to multiple hormonal influences that may lead to damage.

**Second factor:** Women with PCOS are more likely to have insulin resistance (which controls sugar levels in the body) and high levels of insulin. There is a known link between miscarriage and irregular blood sugar levels.

**Third factor:** High levels of androgen hormones and a weak uterine lining lead to problems with implantation of the fertilized egg, which may increase the risk of early miscarriage in women with PCOS.

**Cesarean section:** Pregnant women with PCOS are more likely to have a cesarean section than other women, due to pregnancy-related complications, such as gestational hypertension. A cesarean section is a surgical procedure that involves making an incision in the abdomen and uterus to deliver the baby. This procedure may be planned in advance if there are complications during pregnancy, or if there has been a previous cesarean delivery and the mother is unwilling or unable to have a vaginal delivery. The mother needs a longer recovery period after a cesarean delivery compared to a vaginal delivery.

Premature birth is one of the risks facing pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome. According to a study published in the Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology in 2020, the incidence of premature birth among these women was 10.4%. Although the reasons are not fully understood, it is believed that the increased risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome plays a role in this, as this condition is considered a risk factor associated with premature birth.

Studies have also shown that babies born to mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome may face some health problems, including:

- The baby is born larger than expected for its gestational age.

- Meconium aspiration syndrome, a condition that occurs when a baby's first stool enters the lungs.

**Gestational diabetes**: This is a type of diabetes that affects women during pregnancy, and usually does not cause major problems for the mother or fetus. In most cases, this condition goes away after the baby is born.

**Preeclampsia**: This is a sudden rise in blood pressure that occurs after the 20th week of pregnancy, and can negatively affect the mother's kidneys, liver, and brain if left untreated.

**Pregnancy-induced hypertension**: This condition is related to high blood pressure that may appear in the second half of pregnancy. If left untreated, it can lead to preeclampsia.

Babies born to mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome are more likely to die soon after birth, and they may need to be admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit.

**What are the available methods for getting pregnant with polycystic ovary syndrome?**

 

Pregnancy with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can be challenging, but there are several strategies that can increase your chances of conceiving. Here are some ways that can help:

**Lifestyle modifications:**- **Diet and exercise:** It is important to maintain a healthy weight by eating a balanced diet and exercising regularly. Losing 5-10% of your total weight can help regulate your menstrual cycle and improve ovulation.

- **Healthy eating:** It is best to focus on eating whole, unprocessed foods and following a diet low in sugar and refined carbohydrates. A dietitian can provide personalized nutritional advice.

- **Exercise regularly:** It is recommended to get at least 150 minutes of moderate physical activity per week.

**Medications:**

- **Ovulation-stimulating medications:** Medications such as clomiphene and letrozole are commonly used to stimulate ovulation in people with PCOS.

**Metformin:** This medication is commonly used to improve insulin sensitivity and regulate menstrual cycles, which may help promote ovulation.

**Hormonal Therapy:**- **Oral Contraceptives:** Birth control pills can help regulate menstrual cycles and relieve symptoms of PCOS, but they are not suitable for those who are actively trying to get pregnant.

- **Progesterone:** Progesterone supplements may help stimulate menstruation and enhance fertility.

**Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART):**- **Intrauterine Insemination (IUI):** This method involves inserting treated sperm directly into the uterus, which increases the chances of fertilization.

- **In Vitro Fertilization (IVF):** This is a more advanced treatment, where eggs are extracted and fertilized outside the body, and the resulting embryos are then transferred to the uterus.

**Fertility Monitoring:**- **Ovulation Tracking:** It is recommended to monitor your menstrual cycles and track ovulation using methods such as measuring your basal body temperature, monitoring your cervical mucus, or using ovulation predictor kits

**Fertility Apps:** There are dedicated smartphone apps that aim to help users track their menstrual cycle and predict fertile days.

**Consult a fertility specialist:** It is advisable to consult a reproductive endocrinologist or fertility specialist who specializes in treating infertility associated with PCOS. These specialists can provide personalized treatment plans and guidance that suit your needs.

**Healthy lifestyle choices:**- **Stress management:** High levels of stress can negatively affect fertility. Therefore, practicing techniques such as yoga, meditation, and mindfulness may be helpful in reducing stress.

- **Smoking and alcohol:** It is preferable to quit smoking and reduce alcohol consumption, as both can negatively affect fertility.

**Treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome and pregnancy**

 

Treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome and pregnancy depends mainly on lifestyle modification and following the doctor's instructions:

- Reducing the consumption of white sugar and sugars in general is an important step to relieve the symptoms of cysts. It is preferable to stay away from canned foods and those with a high glycemic index, and focus on eating fresh vegetables and fruits. It is also recommended to include protein in every meal to help regulate blood sugar levels.

- It is preferable to increase the consumption of healthy fats such as nuts, olives, olive oil, and avocado, while avoiding hydrogenated oils.

- Reduce your consumption of coffee and caffeine in general, and make sure to get 8 hours of sleep at night to ensure balance of the cortisol hormone.

- Exercise daily and move your body, as it is preferable to walk for at least 30 minutes daily. Resistance exercises and lifting light weights can also be very effective in controlling insulin resistance.

- Take care of your proper nutrition, as a deficiency in vitamins and minerals can worsen the condition of cysts. Make sure to take nutritional supplements such as Omega 3, Vitamin D, and magnesium, but after consulting a doctor.

- There are also natural supplements such as inositol, which enhance the ovulation process and reduce insulin resistance, but it is preferable to consult a specialist doctor before using them.

- Take care of your digestive system, stay away from dairy products, and reduce your carbohydrate intake, this will make a big difference.